6. Diagnostisering

Abouassaly, R., Alibhai, S. M., Shah, N., Timilshina, N., Fleshner, N., & Finelli, A. (2010). Troubling outcomes from population-level analysis of surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urology, 76(4), 895-901.

Aleksic, I., Rais-Bahrami, S., Daugherty, M., Agarwal, P. K., Vourganti, S., & Bratslavsky, G. (2018). Primary urethral carcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data analysis identifying predictors of cancer-specific survival. Urology annals, 10(2), 170-174.

Almås, B., Halvorsen, O. J., Johannesen, T. B., & Beisland, C. (2021). Higher than expected and significantly increasing incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. A population based study. World The Journal of urology, 39(9), 3385-3391.

Babjuk, M., Burger, M., Compérat, E., Gontero, P., Mostafid, A. H., Palou, J., Zigeuner, R. (2019). Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (rev. utg.) Arnhem: European Association of Urology. Hentet fra https://uroweb.org/guideline/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/

Baboudjian, M., Al-Balushi, K., Michel, F., Lannes, F., Akiki, A., Gaillet, S., ... Boissier, R. (2020). Diagnostic ureteroscopy prior to nephroureterectomy for urothelial carcinoma is associated with a high risk of bladder recurrence despite technical precautions to avoid tumor spillage. World The Journal of urology, 38(1), 159-165.

Blick, C. G., Nazir, S. A., Mallett, S., Turney, B. W., Onwu, N. N., Roberts, I. S., ... Cowan, N. C. (2012). Evaluation of diagnostic strategies for bladder cancer using computed tomography (CT) urography, flexible cystoscopy and voided urine cytology: results for 778 patients from a hospital haematuria clinic. BJU international, 110(1), 84-94.

Brien, J. C., Shariat, S. F., Herman, M. P., Ng, C. K., Scherr, D. S., Scoll, B., ... Raman, J. D. (2010). Preoperative hydronephrosis, ureteroscopic biopsy grade and urinary cytology can improve prediction of advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma. The Journal of urology, 184(1), 69-73.

Bryan, R. T., Liu, W., Pirrie, S. J., Amir, R., Gallagher, J., Hughes, A. I., ... James, N. D. (2021). Comparing an Imaging-guided Pathway with the Standard Pathway for Staging Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Preliminary Data from the BladderPath Study. European urology, 80(1), 12-15.

Cambier, S., Sylvester, R. J., Collette, L., Gontero, P., Brausi, M. A., van Andel, G., ... Oddens, J. (2016). EORTC Nomograms and Risk Groups for Predicting Recurrence, Progression, and Disease-specific and Overall Survival in Non-Muscle-invasive Stage Ta-T1 Urothelial Bladder Cancer Patients Treated with 1-3 Years of Maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. European urology, 69(1), 60-9.

Chitale, S., Mbakada, R., Irving, S., & Burgess, N. (2008). Nephroureterectomy for transitional cell carcinoma - the value of pre-operative histology. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 90(1), 45-50.

Cowan, N. C., Turney, B. W., Taylor, N. J., McCarthy, C. L., & Crew, J. P. (2007). Multidetector computed tomography urography for diagnosing upper urinary tract urothelial tumour. BJU international, 99(6), 1363-70.

Crivelli, J. J., Xylinas, E., Kluth, L. A., Rieken, M., Rink, M., & Shariat, S. F. (2014). Effect of smoking on outcomes of urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review of the literature. European urology, 65(4), 742-54.

Del Gaizo, A., Silva, A. C., Lam-Himlin, D. M., Allen, B. C., Leyendecker, J., & Kawashima, A. (2013). Magnetic resonance imaging of solid urethral and peri-urethral lesions. Insights Imaging, 4(4), 461-9.

Del Giudice, F., Barchetti, G., De Berardinis, E., Pecoraro, M., Salvo, V., Simone, G., ... Panebianco, V. (2020). Prospective Assessment of Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) and Its Clinical Impact on the Management of High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Patients Candidate for Repeated Transurethral Resection. European urology, 77(1), 101-109.

Elmussareh, M., Young, M., Ordell Sundelin, M., Bak-Ipsen, C. B., Graumann, O., & Jensen, J. B. (2017). Outcomes of haematuria referrals: two-year data from a single large university hospital in Denmark. Scand The Journal of urology, 51(4), 282-289.

Engel, C., Loeffler, M., Steinke, V., Rahner, N., Holinski-Feder, E., Dietmaier, W., ... Vasen, H. F. (2012). Risks of less common cancers in proven mutation carriers with lynch syndrome. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 30(35), 4409-15.

Ericson, K. M., Isinger, A. P., Isfoss, B. L., & Nilbert, M. C. (2005). Low frequency of defective mismatch repair in a population-based series of upper urothelial carcinoma. BMC cancer, 5, 23.

Galtung, K. F., Lauritzen, P. M., Sandbæk, G., Bay, D., Ponzi, E., Baco, E., ... Rud, E. (2023). Is a Single Nephrographic Phase Computed Tomography Sufficient for Detecting Urothelial Carcinoma in Patients with Visible Haematuria? A Prospective Paired Noninferiority Comparison. European urology open science, 55, 1-10.

Gatta, G., van der Zwan, J. M., Casali, P. G., Siesling, S., Dei Tos, A. P., Kunkler, I., ... Capocaccia, R. (2011). Rare cancers are not so rare: the rare cancer burden in Europe. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 47(17), 2493-511.

Gheiler, E. L., Tefilli, M. V., Tiguert, R., de Oliveira, J. G., Pontes, J. E., & Wood, D. P. ,. J. (1998). Management of primary urethral cancer. Urology, 52(3), 487-93.

Girard, A., Rouanne, M., Taconet, S., Radulescu, C., Neuzillet, Y., Girma, A., ... Grellier, J. F. (2019). Integrated analysis of (18)F-FDG PET/CT improves preoperative lymph node staging for patients with invasive bladder cancer. European radiology, 29(8), 4286-4293.

Glas, A. S., Roos, D., Deutekom, M., Zwinderman, A. H., Bossuyt, P. M., & Kurth, K. H. (2003). Tumor markers in the diagnosis of primary bladder cancer. A systematic review. The Journal of urology, 169(6), 1975-82.

Gonzalez, A. N., Lipsky, M. J., Li, G., Rutman, M. P., Cooper, K. L., Weiner, D. M., ... Anderson, C. B. (2019). The Prevalence of Bladder Cancer During Cystoscopy for Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria. Urology, 126, 34-38.

Guo, R. Q., Hong, P., Xiong, G. Y., Zhang, L., Fang, D., Li, X. S., ... Zhou, L. Q. (2018). Impact of ureteroscopy before radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinomas on oncological outcomes: a meta-analysis. BJU international, 121(2), 184-193.

Hakenberg, O. W., Compérat, E., Minhas, S., Necchi, A., Protzel, C., Watkin, N., Robinson, R. (2017). EAU Guidelines on Penile Cancer Arnhem: European Association of Urology. Hentet fra http://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/12-Penile-Cancer_2017_web.pdf

Helenius, M., Brekkan, E., Dahlman, P., Lönnemark, M., & Magnusson, A. (2015). Bladder cancer detection in patients with gross haematuria: Computed tomography urography with enhancement-triggered scan versus flexible cystoscopy. Scand The Journal of urology, 49(5), 377-81.

Helenius, M., Dahlman, P., Lonnemark, M., Brekkan, E., Wernroth, L., & Magnusson, A. (2016). Comparison of post contrast CT urography phases in bladder cancer detection. European radiology, 26(2), 585-91.

Inman, B. A., Tran, V. T., Fradet, Y., & Lacombe, L. (2009). Carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: predictors of survival and competing causes of mortality. Cancer, 115(13), 2853-62.

Itani, M., Kielar, A., Menias, C. O., Dighe, M. K., Surabhi, V., Prasad, S. R., ... Lalwani, N. (2016). MRI of female urethra and periurethral pathologies. International urogynecology journal, 27(2), 195-204.

Ito, Y., Kikuchi, E., Tanaka, N., Miyajima, A., Mikami, S., Jinzaki, M., & Oya, M. (2011). Preoperative hydronephrosis grade independently predicts worse pathological outcomes in patients undergoing nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. The Journal of urology, 185(5), 1621-6.

Karanović, S., Vuković-Lela, I., Miller, F., Edwards, K. L., Nikolić, J., Tomić, K., ... Dickman, K. G. (2012). Aristolactam-DNA adducts are a biomarker of environmental exposure to aristolochic acid. Kidney international, 81(6), 559-67.

Khadra, M. H., Pickard, R. S., Charlton, M., Powell, P. H., & Neal, D. E. (2000). A prospective analysis of 1,930 patients with hematuria to evaluate current diagnostic practice. The Journal of urology, 163(2), 524-7.

Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. H., Lee, H. J., Kim, M. J., Kim, Y. H., & Cho, S. H. (2014). MDCT urography for detecting recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder cancer: comparison of nephrographic phase with pyelographic phase. AJR. American journal of roentgenology, 203(5), 1021-7.

Krajewski, W., Koscielska-Kasprzak, K., Rymaszewska, J., & Zdrojowy, R. (2017). How different cystoscopy methods influence patient sexual satisfaction, anxiety, and depression levels: a randomized prospective trial. Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 26(3), 625-634.

Kupershmidt, M., Margolis, M., Jang, H. J., Massey, C., & Metser, U. (2011). Evaluation of upper urinary tract tumors with portal venous phase MDCT: a case-control study. AJR. American journal of roentgenology, 197(2), 424-8.

Liedberg, F., Chebil, G., & Månsson, W. (2007). Urothelial carcinoma in the prostatic urethra and prostate: current controversies. Expert review of anticancer therapy, 7(3), 383-90.

Lokeshwar, V. B., Habuchi, T., Grossman, H. B., Murphy, W. M., Hautmann, S. H., Hemstreet, G. P. ,. 3., ... Droller, M. J. (2005). Bladder tumor markers beyond cytology: International Consensus Panel on bladder tumor markers. Urology, 66(6 Suppl 1), 35-63.

Loo, R. K., Lieberman, S. F., Slezak, J. M., Landa, H. M., Mariani, A. J., Nicolaisen, G., ... Jacobsen, S. J. (2013). Stratifying risk of urinary tract malignant tumors in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 88(2), 129-38.

Lotan, Y., & Roehrborn, C. G. (2003). Sensitivity and specificity of commonly available bladder tumor markers versus cytology: results of a comprehensive literature review and meta-analyses. Urology, 61(1), 109-18; discussion 118.

Malmström, P. U., Skaaheim Haug, E., Boström, P. J., Gudjónsson, S., & Bjerggaard Jensen, J. (2019). Progress towards a Nordic standard for the investigation of hematuria: 2019. Scand The Journal of urology, 53(1), 1-6.

Margulis, V., Shariat, S. F., Matin, S. F., Kamat, A. M., Zigeuner, R., Kikuchi, E., ... Wood, C. G. (2009). Outcomes of radical nephroureterectomy: a series from the Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Collaboration. Cancer, 115(6), 1224-33.

Metser, U., Goldstein, M. A., Chawla, T. P., Fleshner, N. E., Jacks, L. M., & O'Malley, M. E. (2012). Detection of urothelial tumors: comparison of urothelial phase with excretory phase CT urography--a prospective study. Radiology, 264(1), 110-8.

Milojevic, B., Djokic, M., Sipetic-Grujicic, S., Grozdic Milojevic, I., Vuksanovic, A., Nikic, P., ... Tulic, C. (2013). Prognostic significance of non-muscle-invasive bladder tumor history in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Urologic oncology, 31(8), 1615-20.

Mohr, D. N., Offord, K. P., & Melton, L. J. ,. 3. (1987). Isolated asymptomatic microhematuria: a cross-sectional analysis of test-positive and test-negative patients. Journal of general internal medicine, 2(5), 318-24.

Moschini, M., Karnes, R. J., Suardi, N., Bianchi, M., Pellucchi, F., Rocchini, L., ... Colombo, R. (2016). Potential Effect of Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapy on the Timing of the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer. Clinical genitourinary cancer, 14(3), e245-50.

Ordell Sundelin, M., & Jensen, J. B. (2017). Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria as a predictor of neoplasia in the urinary tract. Scand The Journal of urology, 51(5), 373-375.

Park, J. J., Park, B. K., & Kim, C. K. (2016). Single-phase DECT with VNCT compared with three-phase CTU in patients with haematuria. European radiology, 26(10), 3550-7.

Pommer, W., Bronder, E., Klimpel, A., Helmert, U., Greiser, E., & Molzahn, M. (1999). Urothelial cancer at different tumour sites: role of smoking and habitual intake of analgesics and laxatives. Results of the Berlin Urothelial Cancer Study. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 14(12), 2892-7.

Rai, B. P., Luis Dominguez Escrig, J., Vale, L., Kuusk, T., Capoun, O., Soukup, V., ... Imran Omar, M. (2022). Systematic Review of the Incidence of and Risk Factors for Urothelial Cancers and Renal Cell Carcinoma Among Patients with Haematuria. European urology, 82(2), 182-192.

Raitanen, M. P., Aine, R., Rintala, E., Kallio, J., Rajala, P., Juusela, H., & Tammela, T. L. (2002). Differences between local and review urinary cytology in diagnosis of bladder cancer. An interobserver multicenter analysis. European urology, 41(3), 284-9.

Raman, J. D., Messer, J., Sielatycki, J. A., & Hollenbeak, C. S. (2011). Incidence and survival of patients with carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis in the USA, 1973-2005. BJU international, 107(7), 1059-64.

Raman, J. D., Shariat, S. F., Karakiewicz, P. I., Lotan, Y., Sagalowsky, A. I., Roscigno, M., ... Margulis, V. (2011). Does preoperative symptom classification impact prognosis in patients with clinically localized upper-tract urothelial carcinoma managed by radical nephroureterectomy?. Urologic oncology, 29(6), 716-23.

Rasmussen, P. V., Dalgaard, F., Gislason, G. H., Brandes, A., Johnsen, S. P., Grove, E. L., ... Hansen, M. L. (2021). Haematuria and urinary tract cancers in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants. European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 7(5), 373-379.

Renard-Penna, R., Rocher, L., Roy, C., André, M., Bellin, M. F., Boulay, I., ... Rouvière, O. (2020). Imaging protocols for CT urography: results of a consensus conference from the French Society of Genitourinary Imaging. European radiology, 30(3), 1387-1396.

Rojas, C. P., Castle, S. M., Llanos, C. A., Santos Cortes, J. A., Bird, V., Rodriguez, S., ... Jorda, M. (2013). Low biopsy volume in ureteroscopy does not affect tumor biopsy grading in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urologic oncology, 31(8), 1696-700.

Sylvester, R. J., Oosterlinck, W., Holmang, S., Sydes, M. R., Birtle, A., Gudjonsson, S., ... Babjuk, M. (2016). Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials Comparing a Single Immediate Instillation of Chemotherapy After Transurethral Resection with Transurethral Resection Alone in Patients with Stage pTa-pT1 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Which Patients Benefit from the Instillation?. European urology, 69(2), 231-44.

Takeuchi, M., Konrad, A. J., Kawashima, A., Boorjian, S. A., & Takahashi, N. (2015). CT Urography for Diagnosis of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Are Both Nephrographic and Excretory Phases Necessary?. AJR. American journal of roentgenology, 205(3), W320-7.

Touijer, A. K., & Dalbagni, G. (2004). Role of voided urine cytology in diagnosing primary urethral carcinoma. Urology, 63(1), 33-5.

van der Molen, A. J., Reimer, P., Dekkers, I. A., Bongartz, G., Bellin, M. F., Bertolotto, M., ... Thomsen, H. S. (2018). Post-contrast acute kidney injury - Part 1: Definition, clinical features, incidence, role of contrast medium and risk factors : Recommendations for updated ESUR Contrast Medium Safety Committee guidelines. European radiology, 28(7), 2845-2855.

van der Molen, A. J., Reimer, P., Dekkers, I. A., Bongartz, G., Bellin, M. F., Bertolotto, M., ... Thomsen, H. S. (2018). Post-contrast acute kidney injury. Part 2: risk stratification, role of hydration and other prophylactic measures, patients taking metformin and chronic dialysis patients : Recommendations for updated ESUR Contrast Medium Safety Committee guidelines. European radiology, 28(7), 2856-2869.

van Doeveren, T., van der Mark, M., van Leeuwen, P. J., Boormans, J. L., & Aben, K. K. H. (2021). Rising incidence rates and unaltered survival rates for primary upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a Dutch population-based study from 1993 to 2017. BJU international, 128(3), 343-351.

van Rhijn, B. W., van der Poel, H. G., & van der Kwast, T. H. (2005). Urine markers for bladder cancer surveillance: a systematic review. European urology, 47(6), 736-48.

Wallis, C. J. D., Juvet, T., Lee, Y., Matta, R., Herschorn, S., Kodama, R., ... Nam, R. K. (2017). Association Between Use of Antithrombotic Medication and Hematuria-Related Complications. Jama, 318(13), 1260-1271.

Woo, S., Suh, C. H., Kim, S. Y., Cho, J. Y., & Kim, S. H. (2018). The Diagnostic Performance of MRI for Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis in Bladder and Prostate Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Diagnostic Meta-Analysis. AJR. American journal of roentgenology, 210(3), W95-w109.

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Xiong, G., Yao, L., Hong, P., Yang, L., Ci, W., Liu, L., ... Zhou, L. (2018). Aristolochic acid containing herbs induce gender-related oncological differences in upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients. Cancer management and research, 10, 6627-6639.

Yamany, T., van Batavia, J., Ahn, J., Shapiro, E., & Gupta, M. (2015). Ureterorenoscopy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: how often are we missing lesions?. Urology, 85(2), 311-5.

Ye, L., Chen, Y., Xu, H., Xie, H., Yao, J., Liu, J., & Song, B. (2022). Biparametric magnetic resonance imaging assessment for detection of muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European radiology, 32(9), 6480-6492.