16. Behandling av ikke-kurable metastaser

Aasebø, K., Dragomir, A., Sundström, M., Mezheyeuski, A., Edqvist, P. H., Eide, G. E., Ponten, F., Pfeiffer, P., ... Sorbye, H. (2019). Consequences of a high incidence of microsatellite instability and BRAF-mutated tumors: A population-based cohort of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Cancer medicine, 8(7), 3623-3635.

Adams, R. A., Fisher, D. J., Graham, J., Seligmann, J. F., Seymour, M., Kaplan, R., Yates, E., Parmar, M., ... Maughan, T. S. (2021). Capecitabine Versus Active Monitoring in Stable or Responding Metastatic Colorectal Cancer After 16 Weeks of First-Line Therapy: Results of the Randomized FOCUS4-N Trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 39(33), 3693-3704.

Amado, R. G., Wolf, M., Peeters, M., Van Cutsem, E., Siena, S., Freeman, D. J., Juan, T., Sikorski, R., ... Chang, D. D. (2008). Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26(10), 1626-1634.

Ambrosini, M., Tougeron, D., Modest, D., Guimbaud, R., Kopetz, S., Decraecker, M., Kim, S., Coutzac, C., ... Taieb, J. (2024). BRAF + EGFR +/- MEK inhibitors after immune checkpoint inhibitors in BRAF V600E mutated and deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability high metastatic colorectal cancer. European Journal of Cancer, 210, 114290.

Amstutz, U., Henricks, L. M., Offer, S. M., Barbarino, J., Schellens, J. H. M., Swen, J. J., Klein, T. E., McLeod, H. L., ... Schwab, M. (2018). Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Genotype and Fluoropyrimidine Dosing: 2017 Update. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 103(2), 210-216.

Andre, T., Elez, E., Van Cutsem, E., Jensen, L. H., Bennouna, J., Mendez, G., Schenker, M., de la Fouchardiere, C., ... Lonardi, S. (2024). Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Microsatellite-Instability-High Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. The New England journal of medicine, 391(21), 2014-2026.

André, T., Elez, E., Lenz, H. J., Jensen, L. H., Touchefeu, Y., Van Cutsem, E., Garcia-Carbonero, R., Tougeron, D., ... Lonardi, S. (2025). Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab in microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer (CheckMate 8HW): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet, 405(10476), 383-395.

André, T., Shiu, K. K., Kim, T. W., Jensen, B. V., Jensen, L. H., Punt, C., Smith, D., Garcia-Carbonero, R., ... Diaz, L. A. ,. J. (2020). Pembrolizumab in Microsatellite-Instability-High Advanced Colorectal Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(23), 2207-2218.

Aparicio, T., Bouché, O., Taieb, J., Maillard, E., Kirscher, S., Etienne, P. L., Faroux, R., Khemissa Akouz, F., ... Bedenne, L. (2018). Bevacizumab+chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in elderly patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase II trial-PRODIGE 20 study results. Annals of Oncology, 29(1), 133-138.

Audisio, R. A., & Papamichael, D. (2012). Treatment of colorectal cancer in older patients. Nature Reviews: Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 9(12), 716-25.

Avallone, A., Giuliani, F., De Stefano, A., Santabarbara, G., Nasti, G., Montesarchio, V., Rosati, G., Cassata, A., ... Budillon, A. (2025). Intermittent or Continuous Panitumumab Plus Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Irinotecan for First-Line Treatment of RAS and BRAF Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The IMPROVE Trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 43(7), 829-839.

Bekaii-Saab, T. S., Ou, F. S., Ahn, D. H., Boland, P. M., Ciombor, K. K., Heying, E. N., Dockter, T. J., Jacobs, N. L., ... Grothey, A. (2019). Regorafenib dose-optimisation in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (ReDOS): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncology, 20(8), 1070-1082.

Bokemeyer, C., Bondarenko, I., Hartmann, J. T., de Braud, F., Schuch, G., Zubel, A., Celik, I., Schlichting, M., & Koralewski, P. (2011). Efficacy according to biomarker status of cetuximab plus FOLFOX-4 as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the OPUS study. Annals of Oncology, 22(7), 1535-1546.

Bond, M. J. G., Bolhuis, K., Loosveld, O. J. L., de Groot, J. W. B., Droogendijk, H., Helgason, H. H., Hendriks, M. P., Klaase, J. M., ... Punt, C. J. A. (2025). First-Line Systemic Treatment for Initially Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: Post Hoc Analysis of the CAIRO5 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA oncology, 11(1), 36-45.

Bond, M. J. G., Bolhuis, K., Loosveld, O. J. L., de Groot, J. W. B., Droogendijk, H., Helgason, H. H., Hendriks, M. P., Klaase, J. M., ... Punt, C. J. A. (2023). First-line systemic treatment strategies in patients with initially unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CAIRO5): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 study from the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group. The Lancet. Oncology, 24(7), 757-771.

Brulé, S. Y., Jonker, D. J., Karapetis, C. S., O'Callaghan, C. J., Moore, M. J., Wong, R., Tebbutt, N. C., Underhill, C., ... Goodwin, R. A. (2015). Location of colon cancer (right-sided versus left-sided) as a prognostic factor and a predictor of benefit from cetuximab in NCIC CO.17. European Journal of Cancer, 51(11), 1405-14.

Cassidy, J., Clarke, S., Diaz-Rubio, E., Scheithauer, W., Figer, A., Wong, R., Koski, S., Lichinitser, M., ... Saltz, L. (2008). Randomized phase III study of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin compared with fluorouracil/folinic acid plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26(12), 2006-2012.

Chibaudel, B., Maindrault-Goebel, F., Lledo, G., Mineur, L., Andre, T., Bennamoun, M., Mabro, M., Artru, P., ... de Gramont, A. (2009). Can chemotherapy be discontinued in unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer? The GERCOR OPTIMOX2 Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(34), 5727-5733.

Cirocchi, R., Trastulli, S., Abraha, I., Vettoretto, N., Boselli, C., Montedori, A., Parisi, A., Noya, G., & Platell, C. (2012). Non-resection versus resection for an asymptomatic primary tumour in patients with unresectable stage IV colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8(8), CD008997.

Cohen, R., Liu, H., Fiskum, J., Adams, R., Chibaudel, B., Maughan, T. S., Van Cutsem, E., Venook, A., ... André, T. (2021). BRAF V600E Mutation in First-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: An Analysis of Individual Patient Data From the ARCAD Database. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 113(10), 1386-1395.

Colle, R., Radzik, A., Cohen, R., Pellat, A., Lopez-Tabada, D., Cachanado, M., Duval, A., Svrcek, M., ... André, T. (2021). Pseudoprogression in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer. European Journal of Cancer, 144, 9-16.

Cremolini, C., Loupakis, F., Masi, G., Lonardi, S., Granetto, C., Mancini, M. L., Chiara, S., Moretto, R., ... Falcone, A. (2016). FOLFOXIRI or FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: a propensity score-adjusted analysis from two randomized clinical trials. Annals of Oncology, 27(5), 843-9.

Cunningham, D., Lang, I., Marcuello, E., Lorusso, V., Ocvirk, J., Shin, D. B., Jonker, D., Osborne, S., ... Saunders, M. P. (2013). Bevacizumab plus capecitabine versus capecitabine alone in elderly patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (AVEX): an open-label, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncology, 14(11), 1077-85.

Dasari, A., Lonardi, S., Garcia-Carbonero, R., Elez, E., Yoshino, T., Sobrero, A., Yao, J., García-Alfonso, P., ... Eng, C. (2023). Fruquintinib versus placebo in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (FRESCO-2): an international, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study. Lancet, 402(10395), 41-53.

de Gramont, A., Buyse, M., Abrahantes, J. C., Burzykowski, T., Quinaux, E., Cervantes, A., Figer, A., Lledo, G., ... Tournigand, C. (2007). Reintroduction of oxaliplatin is associated with improved survival in advanced colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25(22), 3224-3229.

de Gramont, A., Figer, A., Seymour, M., Homerin, M., Hmissi, A., Cassidy, J., Boni, C., Cortes-Funes, H., ... Bonetti, A. (2000). Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18(16), 2938-2947.

Deenen, M. J., Meulendijks, D., Cats, A., Sechterberger, M. K., Severens, J. L., Boot, H., Smits, P. H., Rosing, H., ... Schellens, J. H. (2016). Upfront Genotyping of DPYD*2A to Individualize Fluoropyrimidine Therapy: A Safety and Cost Analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34(3), 227-34.

Derksen, J. W. G., Smit, K. C., May, A. M., & Punt, C. J. A. (2022). Systematic review and non-inferiority meta-analysis of randomised phase II/III trials on S-1-based therapy versus 5-fluorouracil- or capecitabine-based therapy in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. European Journal of Cancer, 166, 73-86.

Diaz, L. A. ,. J., Shiu, K. K., Kim, T. W., Jensen, B. V., Jensen, L. H., Punt, C., Smith, D., Garcia-Carbonero, R., ... Andre, T. (2022). Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer (KEYNOTE-177): final analysis of a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncology, 23(5), 659-670.

Doebele, R. C., Drilon, A., Paz-Ares, L., Siena, S., Shaw, A. T., Farago, A. F., Blakely, C. M., Seto, T., ... Demetri, G. D. (2020). Entrectinib in patients with advanced or metastatic NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours: integrated analysis of three phase 1-2 trials. Lancet Oncology, 21(2), 271-282.

Douillard, J. Y., Cunningham, D., Roth, A. D., Navarro, M., James, R. D., Karasek, P., Jandik, P., Iveson, T., ... Rougier, P. (2000). Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet, 355(9209), 1041-1047.

Douillard, J. Y., Oliner, K. S., Siena, S., Tabernero, J., Burkes, R., Barugel, M., Humblet, Y., Bodoky, G., ... Patterson, S. D. (2013). Panitumumab-FOLFOX4 treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 369(11), 1023-34.

Douillard, J. Y., Siena, S., Cassidy, J., Tabernero, J., Burkes, R., Barugel, M., Humblet, Y., Bodoky, G., ... Gansert, J. (2010). Randomized, Phase III Trial of Panitumumab With Infusional Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) Versus FOLFOX4 Alone As First-Line Treatment in Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The PRIME Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28(31), 4697-4705.

Ducreux, M., Malka, D., Mendiboure, J., Etienne, P. L., Texereau, P., Auby, D., Rougier, P., Gasmi, M., ... Federation Francophone de Cancerologie Digestive -05 Collaborative, G. (2011). Sequential versus combination chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (FFCD 2000-05): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncology, 12(11), 1032-44.

Elez, E., Yoshino, T., Shen, L., Lonardi, S., Van Cutsem, E., Eng, C., Kim, T. W., Wasan, H. S., ... Kopetz, S. (2025). Encorafenib, Cetuximab, and mFOLFOX6 in BRAF-Mutated Colorectal Cancer. The New England journal of medicine, 392(24), 2425-2437.

Fakih, M. G., Salvatore, L., Esaki, T., Modest, D. P., Lopez-Bravo, D. P., Taieb, J., Karamouzis, M. V., Ruiz-Garcia, E., ... Pietrantonio, F. (2023). Sotorasib plus Panitumumab in Refractory Colorectal Cancer with Mutated KRAS G12C. The New England journal of medicine, 389(23), 2125-2139.

Falcone, A., Ricci, S., Brunetti, I., Pfanner, E., Allegrini, G., Barbara, C., Crinò, L., Benedetti, G., ... Masi, G. (2007). Phase III trial of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) compared with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25(13), 1670-6.

Faron, M., Pignon, J. P., Malka, D., Bourredjem, A., Douillard, J. Y., Adenis, A., Elias, D., Bouche, O., & Ducreux, M. (2015). Is primary tumour resection associated with survival improvement in patients with colorectal cancer and unresectable synchronous metastases? A pooled analysis of individual data from four randomised trials. European Journal of Cancer, 51(2), 166-76.

Fuchs, C. S., Marshall, J., Mitchell, E., Wierzbicki, R., Ganju, V., Jeffery, M., Schulz, J., Richards, D., ... Barrueco, J. (2007). Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the BICC-C Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25(30), 4779-86.

Giantonio, B. J., Catalano, P. J., Meropol, N. J., O'Dwyer, P. J., Mitchell, E. P., Alberts, S. R., Schwartz, M. A., Benson, A. B. ,. 3., & Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study, E. (2007). Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3200. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25(12), 1539-44.

Glimelius, B., Ristamaki, R., Kjaer, M., Pfeiffer, P., Skovsgaard, T., Tveit, K. M., Linne, T., Frodin, J. E., ... Pyrhonen, S. (2002). Irinotecan combined with bolus 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid Nordic schedule as first-line therapy in advanced colorectal cancer. Annals of Oncology, 13(12), 1868-1873.

Glimelius, B., Sorbye, H., Balteskard, L., Bystrom, P., Pfeiffer, P., Tveit, K., Heikkila, R., Keldsen, N., ... Berglund, A. (2008). A randomized phase III multicenter trial comparing irinotecan in combination with the Nordic bolus 5-FU and folinic acid schedule or the bolus/infused de Gramont schedule (Lv5FU2) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Annals of Oncology, 19(5), 909-14.

Gramont Lesparre, A. H., Chibaudel, B., Bourges, O., Perez-Staub, N., Tournigand, C., Maindrault-Goebel, F., André, T., Larsen, A. K., ... Louvet, C. (2009). Definition of oxaliplatin sensitivity in patients with advanced colorectal cancer previously treated with oxaliplatin-based therapy. [Foredrag på 2009 ASCO Annual Meeting]. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(15 Suppl), 4024.

Grothey, A. (2010). Reintroduction of oxaliplatin: a viable approach to the long-term management of metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncology, 79(5-6), 389-99.

Grothey, A., Van Cutsem, E., Sobrero, A., Siena, S., Falcone, A., Ychou, M., Humblet, Y., Bouche, O., ... Laurent, D. (2013). Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CORRECT): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet, 381(9863), 303-12.

Hamfjord, J., Myklebust, T., Larsen, I. K., Kure, E. H., Glimelius, B., Guren, T. K., Tveit, K. M., & Guren, M. G. (2022). Survival Trends of Right- and Left-Sided Colon Cancer across Four Decades: A Norwegian Population-Based Study. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, 31(2), 342-351.

Heinemann, V., von Weikersthal, L. F., Decker, T., Kiani, A., Kaiser, F., Al-Batran, S. E., Heintges, T., Lerchenmüller, C., ... Stintzing, S. (2021). FOLFIRI plus cetuximab or bevacizumab for advanced colorectal cancer: final survival and per-protocol analysis of FIRE-3, a randomised clinical trial. British Journal of Cancer, 124(3), 587-594.

Hurwitz, H., Fehrenbacher, L., Novotny, W., Cartwright, T., Hainsworth, J., Heim, W., Berlin, J., Baron, A., ... Kabbinavar, F. (2004). Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 350(23), 2335-42.

Kabbinavar, F. F., Hambleton, J., Mass, R. D., Hurwitz, H. I., Bergsland, E., & Sarkar, S. (2005). Combined analysis of efficacy: the addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil/leucovorin improves survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23(16), 3706-12.

Kanemitsu, Y., Shitara, K., Mizusawa, J., Hamaguchi, T., Shida, D., Komori, K., Ikeda, S., Ojima, H., ... Fukuda, H. (2021). Primary Tumor Resection Plus Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone for Colorectal Cancer Patients With Asymptomatic, Synchronous Unresectable Metastases (JCOG1007; iPACS): A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 39(10), 1098-1107.

Karapetis, C. S., Khambata-Ford, S., Jonker, D. J., O'Callaghan, C. J., Tu, D., Tebbutt, N. C., Simes, R. J., Chalchal, H., ... Zalcberg, J. R. (2008). K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(17), 1757-65.

Karas, S., & Innocenti, F. (2022). All You Need to Know About UGT1A1 Genetic Testing for Patients Treated With Irinotecan: A Practitioner-Friendly Guide. JCO oncology practice, 18(4), 270-277.

Koopman, M., Antonini, N. F., Douma, J., Wals, J., Honkoop, A. H., Erdkamp, F. L., de Jong, R. S., Rodenburg, C. J., ... Punt, C. J. (2007). Sequential versus combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer (CAIRO): a phase III randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 370(9582), 135-142.

Kopetz, S., Grothey, A., Yaeger, R., Van Cutsem, E., Desai, J., Yoshino, T., Wasan, H., Ciardiello, F., ... Tabernero, J. (2019). Encorafenib, Binimetinib, and Cetuximab in BRAF V600E-Mutated Colorectal Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 381(17), 1632-1643.

Ku, G. Y., Haaland, B. A., & de Lima Lopes, G. ,. J. (2012). Cetuximab in the first-line treatment of K-ras wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: the choice and schedule of fluoropyrimidine matters. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, 70(2), 231-8.

Le, D. T., Uram, J. N., Wang, H., Bartlett, B. R., Kemberling, H., Eyring, A. D., Skora, A. D., Luber, B. S., ... Diaz, L. A. ,. J. (2015). PD-1 Blockade in Tumors with Mismatch-Repair Deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(26), 2509-20.

Leighl, N. B., Bennouna, J., Yi, J., Moore, N., Hambleton, J., & Hurwitz, H. (2011). Bleeding events in bevacizumab-treated cancer patients who received full-dose anticoagulation and remained on study. British Journal of Cancer, 104(3), 413-8.

Lenz, H. J., Ou, F. S., Venook, A. P., Hochster, H. S., Niedzwiecki, D., Goldberg, R. M., Mayer, R. J., Bertagnolli, M. M., ... Kabbarah, O. (2019). Impact of Consensus Molecular Subtype on Survival in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results From CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 37(22), 1876-1885.

Leo, S., Accettura, C., Gnoni, A., Licchetta, A., Giampaglia, M., Mauro, A., Saracino, V., & Carr, B. I. (2013). Systemic treatment of gastrointestinal cancer in elderly patients. Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer, 44(1), 22-32.

Lievre, A., Bachet, J. B., Boige, V., Cayre, A., Le Corre, D., Buc, E., Ychou, M., Bouche, O., ... Laurent-Puig, P. (2008). KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26(3), 374-379.

Loupakis, F., Cremolini, C., Masi, G., Lonardi, S., Zagonel, V., Salvatore, L., Cortesi, E., Tomasello, G., ... Falcone, A. (2014). Initial therapy with FOLFOXIRI and bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(17), 1609-18.

Loupakis, F., Cremolini, C., Salvatore, L., Masi, G., Sensi, E., Schirripa, M., Michelucci, A., Pfanner, E., ... Falcone, A. (2014). FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment in BRAF mutant metastatic colorectal cancer. European Journal of Cancer, 50(1), 57-63.

Margalit, O., Stemmer, A., Chapin, W. J., Shacham-Shmueli, E., Kopetz, S., Andre, T., Overman, M. J., Pietrantonio, F., & Boursi, B. (2024). Duration of immunotherapy in dMMR/MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer patients. European Journal of Cancer, 212, 114336.

Maroney, S., de Paz, C. C., Reeves, M. E., Garberoglio, C., Raskin, E., Senthil, M., Namm, J. P., & Solomon, N. (2018). Benefit of Surgical Resection of the Primary Tumor in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Stage IV Colorectal Cancer with Unresected Metastasis. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 22(3), 460-466.

Maughan, T. S., Adams, R. A., Smith, C. G., Meade, A. M., Seymour, M. T., Wilson, R. H., Idziaszczyk, S., Harris, R., ... Investigators, M. C. T. (2011). Addition of cetuximab to oxaliplatin-based first-line combination chemotherapy for treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: results of the randomised phase 3 MRC COIN trial. Lancet, 377(9783), 2103-14.

Mayer, R. J., Van Cutsem, E., Falcone, A., Yoshino, T., Garcia-Carbonero, R., Mizunuma, N., Yamazaki, K., Shimada, Y., ... Ohtsu, A. (2015). Randomized trial of TAS-102 for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(20), 1909-19.

Meric-Bernstam, F., Hurwitz, H., Raghav, K. P. S., McWilliams, R. R., Fakih, M., VanderWalde, A., Swanton, C., Kurzrock, R., ... Hainsworth, J. (2019). Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab for HER2-amplified metastatic colorectal cancer (MyPathway): an updated report from a multicentre, open-label, phase 2a, multiple basket study. Lancet Oncology, 20(4), 518-530.

Meulendijks, D., Henricks, L. M., Sonke, G. S., Deenen, M. J., Froehlich, T. K., Amstutz, U., Largiadèr, C. R., Jennings, B. A., ... Schellens, J. H. (2015). Clinical relevance of DPYD variants c.1679T>G, c.1236G>A/HapB3, and c.1601G>A as predictors of severe fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Oncology, 16(16), 1639-50.

Modest, D. P., Martens, U. M., Riera-Knorrenschild, J., Greeve, J., Florschütz, A., Wessendorf, S., Ettrich, T., Kanzler, S., ... Geissler, M. (2019). FOLFOXIRI Plus Panitumumab As First-Line Treatment of RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Randomized, Open-Label, Phase II VOLFI Study (AIO KRK0109). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 37(35), 3401-3411.

Nitsche, U., Stöß, C., Stecher, L., Wilhelm, D., Friess, H., & Ceyhan, G. O. (2018). Meta-analysis of outcomes following resection of the primary tumour in patients presenting with metastatic colorectal cancer. British Journal of Surgery, 105(7), 784-796.

Osterlund, P., Kinos, S., Pfeiffer, P., Salminen, T., Kwakman, J. J. M., Frödin, J. E., Shah, C. H., Sorbye, H., ... Glimelius, B. (2022). Continuation of fluoropyrimidine treatment with S-1 after cardiotoxicity on capecitabine- or 5-fluorouracil-based therapy in patients with solid tumours: a multicentre retrospective observational cohort study. ESMO Open, 7(3), 100427.

Overman, M. J., Lonardi, S., Wong, K. Y. M., Lenz, H. J., Gelsomino, F., Aglietta, M., Morse, M. A., Van Cutsem, E., ... Andre, T. (2018). Durable Clinical Benefit With Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in DNA Mismatch Repair-Deficient/Microsatellite Instability-High Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 36(8), 773-779.

Overman, M. J., McDermott, R., Leach, J. L., Lonardi, S., Lenz, H. J., Morse, M. A., Desai, J., Hill, A., ... Andre, T. (2017). Nivolumab in patients with metastatic DNA mismatch repair-deficient or microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer (CheckMate 142): an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncology, 18(9), 1182-1191.

Parseghian, C. M., Napolitano, S., Loree, J. M., & Kopetz, S. (2019). Mechanisms of Innate and Acquired Resistance to Anti-EGFR Therapy: A Review of Current Knowledge with a Focus on Rechallenge Therapies. Clinical Cancer Research, 25(23), 6899-6908.

Peng, C., Saffo, S., Oberstein, P. E., Shusterman, M., Thomas, C., Becker, D. J., Berlin, J. D., Leichman, L. P., ... Yu, S. (2024). Omission of 5-Fluorouracil Bolus From Multidrug Regimens for Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Multicenter Cohort Study. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN, 22(8), 521-527.

Petrelli, F., Antista, M., Dottorini, L., Russo, A., Arru, M., Invernizzi, R., Manzoni, M., Cremolini, C., ... Ghidini, M. (2024). First line therapy in stage IV BRAF mutated colorectal cancer. Heliyon, 10(17), e36497.

Pfeiffer, P., Yilmaz, M., Möller, S., Zitnjak, D., Krogh, M., Petersen, L. N., Poulsen, L., Winther, S. B., ... Qvortrup, C. (2020). TAS-102 with or without bevacizumab in patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer: an investigator-initiated, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncology, 21(3), 412-420.

Pietrantonio, F., Cremolini, C., Aprile, G., Lonardi, S., Orlandi, A., Mennitto, A., Berenato, R., Antoniotti, C., ... de Braud, F. (2015). Single-Agent Panitumumab in Frail Elderly Patients With Advanced RAS and BRAF Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer: Challenging Drug Label to Light Up New Hope. Oncologist, 20(11), 1261-5.

Pietrantonio, F., Petrelli, F., Coinu, A., Di Bartolomeo, M., Borgonovo, K., Maggi, C., Cabiddu, M., Iacovelli, R., ... Barni, S. (2015). Predictive role of BRAF mutations in patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving cetuximab and panitumumab: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Cancer, 51(5), 587-94.

Pietrantonio, F., Salvatore, L., Esaki, T., Modest, D. P., Lopez-Bravo, D. P., Taieb, J., Karamouzis, M. V., Ruiz-Garcia, E., ... Fakih, M. (2025). Overall Survival Analysis of the Phase III CodeBreaK 300 Study of Sotorasib Plus Panitumumab Versus Investigator's Choice in Chemorefractory KRAS G12C Colorectal Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 43(19), 2147-2154.

Poultsides, G. A., Servais, E. L., Saltz, L. B., Patil, S., Kemeny, N. E., Guillem, J. G., Weiser, M., Temple, L. K., ... Paty, P. B. (2009). Outcome of primary tumor in patients with synchronous stage IV colorectal cancer receiving combination chemotherapy without surgery as initial treatment. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27(20), 3379-3384.

Prager, G. W., Taieb, J., Fakih, M., Ciardiello, F., Van Cutsem, E., Elez, E., Cruz, F. M., Wyrwicz, L., ... Tabernero, J. (2023). Trifluridine-Tipiracil and Bevacizumab in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 388(18), 1657-1667.

Price, T. J., Peeters, M., Kim, T. W., Li, J., Cascinu, S., Ruff, P., Suresh, A. S., Thomas, A., ... Sidhu, R. (2014). Panitumumab versus cetuximab in patients with chemotherapy-refractory wild-type KRAS exon 2 metastatic colorectal cancer (ASPECCT): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority phase 3 study. Lancet Oncology, 15(6), 569-79.

Raghav, K., Loree, J. M., Morris, J. S., Overman, M. J., Yu, R., Meric-Bernstam, F., Menter, D., Korphaisarn, K., ... Kopetz, S. (2019). Validation of HER2 Amplification as a Predictive Biomarker for Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. JCO Precision Oncology, (3), 1-13.

Rahbari, N. N., Biondo, S., Feißt, M., Bruckner, T., Rossion, I., Luntz, S., Bork, U., Büchler, M. W., ... Groups, C. T. (2022). Randomized clinical trial on resection of the primary tumor versus no resection prior to systemic therapy in patients with colon cancer and synchronous unresectable metastases. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 40(17_suppl), LBA3507-LBA3507.

Saltz, L. B., Clarke, S., Diaz-Rubio, E., Scheithauer, W., Figer, A., Wong, R., Koski, S., Lichinitser, M., ... Cassidy, J. (2008). Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26(12), 2013-2019.

Salvatore, L., Bria, E., Sperduti, I., Hinke, A., Hegewisch-Becker, S., Aparicio, T., Le Malicot, K., Boige, V., ... Arnold, D. (2021). Bevacizumab as maintenance therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of individual patients' data from 3 phase III studies. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 97, 102202.

Sartore-Bianchi, A., Pietrantonio, F., Lonardi, S., Mussolin, B., Rua, F., Crisafulli, G., Bartolini, A., Fenocchio, E., ... Bardelli, A. (2022). Circulating tumor DNA to guide rechallenge with panitumumab in metastatic colorectal cancer: the phase 2 CHRONOS trial. Nature Medicine, 28(8), 1612-1618.

Sartore-Bianchi, A., Trusolino, L., Martino, C., Bencardino, K., Lonardi, S., Bergamo, F., Zagonel, V., Leone, F., ... Siena, S. (2016). Dual-targeted therapy with trastuzumab and lapatinib in treatment-refractory, KRAS codon 12/13 wild-type, HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer (HERACLES): a proof-of-concept, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncology, 17(6), 738-746.

Sastre, J., Massuti, B., Pulido, G., Guillén-Ponce, C., Benavides, M., Manzano, J. L., Reboredo, M., Rivera, F., ... Aranda, E. (2015). First-line single-agent panitumumab in frail elderly patients with wild-type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer and poor prognostic factors: A phase II study of the Spanish Cooperative Group for the Treatment of Digestive Tumours. European Journal of Cancer, 51(11), 1371-80.

Schrag, D., Weng, S., Brooks, G., Meyerhardt, J. A., & Venook, A. P. (2016). The relationship between primary tumor sidedness and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34(15 suppl), 3505.

Scope, A., Agero, A. L., Dusza, S. W., Myskowski, P. L., Lieb, J. A., Saltz, L., Kemeny, N. E., & Halpern, A. C. (2007). Randomized double-blind trial of prophylactic oral minocycline and topical tazarotene for cetuximab-associated acne-like eruption. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25(34), 5390-6.

Seymour, M. T., Maughan, T. S., Ledermann, J. A., Topham, C., James, R., Gwyther, S. J., Smith, D. B., Shepherd, S., ... National Cancer Research Institute Colorectal Clinical Studies, G. (2007). Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 370(9582), 143-152.

Shitara, K., Yokota, T., Takahari, D., Shibata, T., Ura, T., Utsunomiya, S., Inaba, Y., Yamaura, H., ... Muro, K. (2011). Phase II study of combination chemotherapy with irinotecan and cetuximab for pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer harboring wild-type KRAS. Investigational New Drugs, 29(4), 688-93.

Siena, S., Di Bartolomeo, M., Raghav, K., Masuishi, T., Loupakis, F., Kawakami, H., Yamaguchi, K., Nishina, T., ... Yoshino, T. (2021). Trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201) in patients with HER2-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (DESTINY-CRC01): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncology, 22(6), 779-789.

Simkens, L. H., van Tinteren, H., May, A., ten Tije, A. J., Creemers, G. J., Loosveld, O. J., de Jongh, F. E., Erdkamp, F. L., ... Koopman, M. (2015). Maintenance treatment with capecitabine and bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer (CAIRO3): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group. Lancet, 385(9980), 1843-52.

Sorbye, H., Cvancarova, M., Qvortrup, C., Pfeiffer, P., & Glimelius, B. (2013). Age-dependent improvement in median and long-term survival in unselected population-based Nordic registries of patients with synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer. Annals of Oncology, 24(9), 2354-60.

Sorbye, H., Glimelius, B., Berglund, A., Fokstuen, T., Tveit, K. M., Braendengen, M., Ogreid, D., & Dahl, O. (2004). Multicenter phase II study of Nordic fluorouracil and folinic acid bolus schedule combined with oxaliplatin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22(1), 31-38.

Sorbye, H., Pfeiffer, P., Cavalli-Bjorkman, N., Qvortrup, C., Holsen, M. H., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Glimelius, B. (2009). Clinical trial enrollment, patient characteristics, and survival differences in prospectively registered metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Cancer, 115(20), 4679-87.

Su, Y. Y., Chiang, N. J., Chang, J. S., Wang, Y. W., Shen, B. N., Li, Y. J., Hwang, D. Y., Shan, Y. S., & Chen, L. T. (2023). The association between UGT1A1 polymorphisms and treatment toxicities of liposomal irinotecan. ESMO Open, 8(1), 100746.

Sørbye, H., Brændengen, M., & Balteskard, L. (2008). Palliativ kjemoterapi og strålebehandling ved metastatisk kolorektal cancer. Tidsskrift for den Norske Lægeforening, 128(2), 194-197.

Taieb, J., Ambrosini, M., Alouani, E., Lonardi, S., Sinicrope, F. A., Decraecker, M., Boileve, A., Hafliger, E., ... Pietrantonio, F. (2025). Early treatment discontinuation in patients with deficient mismatch repair or microsatellite instability high metastatic colorectal cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 13(1)

Tejpar, S., Stintzing, S., Ciardiello, F., Tabernero, J., Van Cutsem, E., Beier, F., Esser, R., Lenz, H. J., & Heinemann, V. (2016). Prognostic and Predictive Relevance of Primary Tumor Location in Patients With RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Retrospective Analyses of the CRYSTAL and FIRE-3 Trials. JAMA oncology, Oct 10 [Epub ahead of print]

Tournigand, C., Andre, T., Achille, E., Lledo, G., Flesh, M., Mery-Mignard, D., Quinaux, E., Couteau, C., ... de Gramont, A. (2004). FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22(2), 229-37.

Tournigand, C., André, T., Achille, E., Lledo, G., Flesh, M., Mery-Mignard, D., Quinaux, E., Couteau, C., ... de Gramont, A. (2004). FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22(2), 229-37.

Tsai, H. L., Chen, Y. C., Yin, T. C., Su, W. C., Chen, P. J., Chang, T. K., Li, C. C., Huang, C. W., & Wang, J. Y. (2022). Comparison of UGT1A1 Polymorphism as Guidance of Irinotecan Dose Escalation in RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated With Cetuximab or Bevacizumab Plus FOLFIRI as the First-Line Therapy. Oncology Research, 29(1), 47-61.

Tveit, K. M., Guren, T., Glimelius, B., Pfeiffer, P., Sorbye, H., Pyrhonen, S., Sigurdsson, F., Kure, E., ... Christoffersen, T. (2012). Phase III trial of cetuximab with continuous or intermittent fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (Nordic FLOX) versus FLOX alone in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: the NORDIC-VII study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 30(15), 1755-62.

Vale, C. L., Tierney, J. F., Fisher, D., Adams, R. A., Kaplan, R., Maughan, T. S., Parmar, M. K., & Meade, A. M. (2012). Does anti-EGFR therapy improve outcome in advanced colorectal cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Treatment Reviews, 38(6), 618-25.

Van Cutsem, E., Cervantes, A., Adam, R., Sobrero, A., Van Krieken, J. H., Aderka, D., Aranda Aguilar, E., Bardelli, A., ... Arnold, D. (2016). ESMO consensus guidelines for the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Annals of Oncology, 27(8), 1386-422.

Van Cutsem, E., Kohne, C. H., Hitre, E., Zaluski, J., Chang Chien, C. R., Makhson, A., D'Haens, G., Pinter, T., ... Rougier, P. (2009). Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(14), 1408-1417.

Van Cutsem, E., Peeters, M., Siena, S., Humblet, Y., Hendlisz, A., Neyns, B., Canon, J. L., Van Laethem, J. L., ... Amado, R. G. (2007). Open-label phase III trial of panitumumab plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25(13), 1658-64.

Venderbosch, S., Doornebal, J., Teerenstra, S., Lemmens, W., Punt, C. J., & Koopman, M. (2012). Outcome of first line systemic treatment in elderly compared to younger patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis of the CAIRO and CAIRO2 studies of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG). Acta Oncologica, 51(7), 831-9.

Venook, A. P., Niedzwiecki, D., Innocenti, F., Fruth, B., Greene, C., O'Neil, B. H., Shaw, J. E., Atkins, J. N., ... Lenz, H. (2016). Impact of primary (1º) tumor location on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Analysis of CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34(15 suppl), 3504.

Wilkinson, K. J., Chua, W., Ng, W., & Roohullah, A. (2015). Management of asymptomatic primary tumours in stage IV colorectal cancer: Review of outcomes. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 7(12), 513-23.

Winther, S. B., Liposits, G., Skuladottir, H., Hofsli, E., Shah, C. H., Poulsen, L., Ryg, J., Osterlund, P., ... Pfeiffer, P. (2019). Reduced-dose combination chemotherapy (S-1 plus oxaliplatin) versus full-dose monotherapy (S-1) in older vulnerable patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (NORDIC9): a randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 4(5), 376-388.

Winther, S. B., Österlund, P., Berglund, Å., Glimelius, B., Qvortrup, C., Sorbye, H., & Pfeiffer, P. (2017). Randomized study comparing full dose monotherapy (S-1 followed by irinotecan) and reduced dose combination therapy (S-1/oxaliplatin followed by S-1/irinotecan) as initial therapy for older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: NORDIC 9. BMC Cancer, 17(1), 548.

Yaeger, R., Uboha, N. V., Pelster, M. S., Bekaii-Saab, T. S., Barve, M., Saltzman, J., Sabari, J. K., Peguero, J. A., ... Kopetz, S. E. (2024). Efficacy and Safety of Adagrasib plus Cetuximab in Patients with KRASG12C-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Discovery, 14(6), 982-993.