7. Diagnostikk og utredning

Akasu, T., Kondo, H., Moriya, Y., Sugihara, K., Gotoda, T., Fujita, S., Muto, T., & Kakizoe, T. (2000). Endorectal ultrasonography and treatment of early stage rectal cancer. World Journal of Surgery, 24(9), 1061-8.

Al-Sukhni, E., Milot, L., Fruitman, M., Beyene, J., Victor, J. C., Schmocker, S., Brown, G., McLeod, R., & Kennedy, E. (2012). Diagnostic accuracy of MRI for assessment of T category, lymph node metastases, and circumferential resection margin involvement in patients with rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 19(7), 2212-23.

Atkin, W., Dadswell, E., Wooldrage, K., Kralj-Hans, I., von Wagner, C., Edwards, R., Yao, G., Kay, C., ... Halligan, S. (2013). Computed tomographic colonography versus colonoscopy for investigation of patients with symptoms suggestive of colorectal cancer (SIGGAR): a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet, 381(9873), 1194-202.

Bipat, S., Glas, A. S., Slors, F. J., Zwinderman, A. H., Bossuyt, P. M., & Stoker, J. (2004). Rectal cancer: local staging and assessment of lymph node involvement with endoluminal US, CT, and MR imaging--a meta-analysis. Radiology, 232(3), 773-83.

Bjerregaard, N. C., Tottrup, A., Sorensen, H. T., & Laurberg, S. (2007). Diagnostic value of self-reported symptoms in Danish outpatients referred with symptoms consistent with colorectal cancer. Colorectal Disease, 9(5), 443-51.

Brown, G., Richards, C. J., Bourne, M. W., Newcombe, R. G., Radcliffe, A. G., Dallimore, N. S., & Williams, G. T. (2003). Morphologic predictors of lymph node status in rectal cancer with use of high-spatial-resolution MR imaging with histopathologic comparison. Radiology, 227(2), 371-377.

Burling, D., & International Collaboration for, C. T. c. S. (2010). CT colonography standards. Clinical Radiology, 65(6), 474-80.

Burton, S., Brown, G., Daniels, I. R., Norman, A. R., Mason, B., & Cunningham, D. (2006). MRI directed multidisciplinary team preoperative treatment strategy: the way to eliminate positive circumferential margins?. British Journal of Cancer, 94(3), 351-7.

Classen, M., Tytgat, G. N. J., Lightdale, C. J. (2002). Gastroenterological endoscopy. Thieme.

de Wijkerslooth, T. R., de Haan, M. C., Stoop, E. M., Bossuyt, P. M., Thomeer, M., Essink-Bot, M. L., van Leerdam, M. E., Fockens, P., ... Dekker, E. (2012). Burden of colonoscopy compared to non-cathartic CT-colonography in a colorectal cancer screening programme: randomised controlled trial. Gut, 61(11), 1552-9.

Dewhurst, C., Rosen, M. P., Blake, M. A., Baker, M. E., Cash, B. D., Fidler, J. L., Greene, F. L., Hindman, N. M., ... Yee, J. (2012). ACR Appropriateness Criteria pretreatment staging of colorectal cancer. Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR, 9(11), 775-81.

Dietrich, C. F., Kratzer, W., Strobe, D., Danse, E., Fessl, R., Bunk, A., Vossas, U., Hauenstein, K., ... Greis, C. (2006). Assessment of metastatic liver disease in patients with primary extrahepatic tumors by contrast-enhanced sonography versus CT and MRI. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 12(11), 1699-705.

Dighe, S., Purkayastha, S., Swift, I., Tekkis, P. P., Darzi, A., A'Hern, R., & Brown, G. (2010). Diagnostic precision of CT in local staging of colon cancers: a meta-analysis. Clinical Radiology, 65(9), 708-19.

Dighe, S., Swift, I., & Brown, G. (2008). CT staging of colon cancer. Clinical Radiology, 63(12), 1372-9.

Dighe, S., Blake, H., Koh, M. D., Swift, I., Arnaout, A., Temple, L., Barbachano, Y., & Brown, G. (2010). Accuracy of multidetector computed tomography in identifying poor prognostic factors in colonic cancer. British Journal of Surgery, 97(9), 1407-15.

Edna, T. H., Karlsen, V., Jullumstro, E., & Lydersen, S. (2012). Prevalence of Anaemia at Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer: Assessment of Associated Risk Factors. Hepato-Gastroenterology, 59(115), 713-716.

Ford, A. C., Veldhuyzen van Zanten, S. J., Rodgers, C. C., Talley, N. J., Vakil, N. B., & Moayyedi, P. (2008). Diagnostic utility of alarm features for colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut, 57(11), 1545-53.

Foxtrot Collaborative, G. (2012). Feasibility of preoperative chemotherapy for locally advanced, operable colon cancer: the pilot phase of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncology, 13(11), 1152-60.

Gaard, M., Drolsum A, Vikil E, & V., Y. (2014). CT kolografi (CTK) i utredningen av pasienter med koloncancer.. Kirurgen, (1), 9-11.

Halligan, S., Altman, D. G., Taylor, S. A., Mallett, S., Deeks, J. J., Bartram, C. I., & Atkin, W. (2005). CT colonography in the detection of colorectal polyps and cancer: systematic review, meta-analysis, and proposed minimum data set for study level reporting. Radiology, 237(3), 893-904.

Hamilton, W., Lancashire, R., Sharp, D., Peters, T. J., Cheng, K. K., & Marshall, T. (2009). The risk of colorectal cancer with symptoms at different ages and between the sexes: a case-control study. BMC Medicine, 7, 17.

Hansmann, A., & Burling, D. (2013). Essential requirements of a CT colonography service. European Journal of Radiology, 82(8), 1187-91.

Hermanek, P., Merkel, S., Fietkau, R., Rodel, C., & Hohenberger, W. (2010). Regional lymph node metastasis and locoregional recurrence of rectal carcinoma in the era of TME [corrected] surgery. Implications for treatment decisions. International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 25(3), 359-68.

Kauer, W. K., Prantl, L., Dittler, H. J., & Siewert, J. R. (2004). The value of endosonographic rectal carcinoma staging in routine diagnostics: a 10-year analysis. Surgical Endoscopy, 18(7), 1075-8.

Kim, J. H., Beets, G. L., Kim, M. J., Kessels, A. G., & Beets-Tan, R. G. (2004). High-resolution MR imaging for nodal staging in rectal cancer: are there any criteria in addition to the size?. European Journal of Radiology, 52(1), 78-83.

Kolfschoten, N. E., Wouters, M. W., Gooiker, G. A., Eddes, E. H., Kievit, J., Tollenaar, R. A., & Marang-van de Mheen, P. J. (2012). Nonelective colon cancer resections in elderly patients: results from the dutch surgical colorectal audit. Digestive Surgery, 29(5), 412-9.

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Lafaro, K. J., Roumanis, P., Demirjian, A. N., Lall, C., & Imagawa, D. K. (2013). Gd-EOB-DTPA-Enhanced MRI for Detection of Liver Metastases from Colorectal Cancer: A Surgeon's Perspective!. International Journal of Hepatology, 2013, 572307.

Leufkens, A. M., van den Bosch, M. A., van Leeuwen, M. S., & Siersema, P. D. (2011). Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography for colon cancer staging: a systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 46(7-8), 887-94.

Lord, A. C., Corr, A., Chandramohan, A., Hodges, N., Pring, E., Airo-Farulla, C., Moran, B., Jenkins, J. T., ... Brown, G. (2022). Assessment of the 2020 NICE criteria for preoperative radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer treated by surgery alone in comparison with proven MRI prognostic factors: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Oncology, 23(6), 793-801.

Majumdar, S. R., Fletcher, R. H., & Evans, A. T. (1999). How does colorectal cancer present? Symptoms, duration, and clues to location. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 94(10), 3039-3045.

MERCURY Study Group (2006). Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in predicting curative resection of rectal cancer: prospective observational study. BMJ, 333(7572), 779.

Muhi, A., Ichikawa, T., Motosugi, U., Sou, H., Nakajima, H., Sano, K., Sano, M., Kato, S., ... Araki, T. (2011). Diagnosis of colorectal hepatic metastases: comparison of contrast-enhanced CT, contrast-enhanced US, superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MRI, and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 34(2), 326-35.

Neri, E., Halligan, S., Hellstrom, M., Lefere, P., Mang, T., Regge, D., Stoker, J., Taylor, S., & Laghi, A. (2013). The second ESGAR consensus statement on CT colonography. European Radiology, 23(3), 720-9.

Nesbakken, A., & Gaard, M. (2007). Kirurgisk behandling av tykktarmskreft (Surgical treatment of colon cancer). Tidsskrift for den Norske Lægeforening, 127(22), 2942-2945.

Norsk Radiografforbund (2014). radfag.no. [nettside]. Oslo: Norsk Radiografforbund. Hentet 17.11.2014 fra www.radfag.no

Parnaby, C. N., Bailey, W., Balasingam, A., Beckert, L., Eglinton, T., Fife, J., Frizelle, F. A., Jeffery, M., & Watson, A. J. (2012). Pulmonary staging in colorectal cancer: a review. Colorectal Disease, 14(6), 660-70.

Patel, U. B., & Brown, G. (2013). MRI-based assessment of tumor regression in rectal cancer. Current Colorectal Cancer Reports, 9(2), 136-145.

Pendse, D. A., & Taylor, S. A. (2013). Complications of CT colonography: a review. European Journal of Radiology, 82(8), 1159-65.

Pickhardt, P. J., Hassan, C., Halligan, S., & Marmo, R. (2011). Colorectal cancer: CT colonography and colonoscopy for detection--systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology, 259(2), 393-405.

Rabeneck, L., Rumble, R. B., Axler, J., Smith, A., Armstrong, D., Vinden, C., Belliveau, P., Rhodes, K., ... Cancer Care Ontario's Colonoscopy Standards Expert, P. (2007). Cancer Care Ontario Colonoscopy Standards: standards and evidentiary base. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, 21 Suppl D, 5D-24D.

Shihab, O. C., Moran, B. J., Heald, R. J., Quirke, P., & Brown, G. (2009). MRI staging of low rectal cancer. European Radiology, 19(3), 643-50.

Smith, N. J., Bees, N., Barbachano, Y., Norman, A. R., Swift, R. I., & Brown, G. (2007). Preoperative computed tomography staging of nonmetastatic colon cancer predicts outcome: implications for clinical trials. British Journal of Cancer, 96(7), 1030-6.

Sobin, L. H., Gospodarowicz, M., Wittekind, C. (2016). TNM: classification of malignant tumors. Wiley-Blackwell.

Starck, M., Bohe, M., Simanaitis, M., & Valentin, L. (2003). Rectal endosonography can distinguish benign rectal lesions from invasive early rectal cancers. Colorectal Disease, 5(3), 246-250.

Steinberg, S. M., Barkin, J. S., Kaplan, R. S., & Stablein, D. M. (1986). Prognostic indicators of colon tumors. The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group experience. Cancer, 57(9), 1866-70.

Tudyka, V., Blomqvist, L., Beets-Tan, R. G., Boelens, P. G., Valentini, V., van de Velde, C. J., Dieguez, A., & Brown, G. (2014). EURECCA consensus conference highlights about colon & rectal cancer multidisciplinary management: the radiology experts review. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 40(4), 469-75.

van der Paardt, M. P., Zagers, M. B., Beets-Tan, R. G., Stoker, J., & Bipat, S. (2013). Patients who undergo preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer restaged by using diagnostic MR imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology, 269(1), 101-12.

van de Velde, C. J., Boelens, P. G., Borras, J. M., Coebergh, J. W., Cervantes, A., Blomqvist, L., Beets-Tan, R. G., van den Broek, C. B., ... Valentini, V. (2014). EURECCA colorectal: multidisciplinary management: European consensus conference colon & rectum. European Journal of Cancer, 50(1):1.e1-1.e34.

Westwood, M., Joore, M., Grutters, J., Redekop, K., Armstrong, N., Lee, K., Gloy, V., Raatz, H., ... Kleijnen, J. (2013). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound using SonoVue(R) (sulphur hexafluoride microbubbles) compared with contrast-enhanced computed tomography and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for the characterisation of focal liver lesions and detection of liver metastases: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technology Assessment, 17(16), 1-243.

Yu, S. K., Chand, M., Tait, D. M., & Brown, G. (2014). Magnetic resonance imaging defined mucinous rectal carcinoma is an independent imaging biomarker for poor prognosis and poor response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. European Journal of Cancer, 50(5), 920-7.