National Quality Indicators
National Quality Indicators in healthcare are standardized, evidence-based, and indirect measures of healthcare quality that can be used with supportive administrative data to evaluate and track clinical performance and outcomes.
In the domain of healthcare, services of good quality are generally defined as services that are:
- Effective
- Safe and secure
- Patient-centred
- Coordinated and characterized by continuity
- Utilizes resources
- Available and fairly distributed
Transparency about healthcare performances and outcomes is important for all involved parties - patients and their relatives, health service providers, and the health authorities. It is important that patients have information about the quality of healthcare services and that the health service providers use this for quality improvement.
National Quality Indicators are based on one or several of the dimensions of quality listed above and may, for example, measure the availability of resources in healthcare services, patient pathways, and patient outcomes linked to healthcare services. Quality indicators should always be seen in context with other relevant information and statistics for a holistic view of the quality of the associated service.
Quality indicators can be a tool for improving patient safety, service quality and the implementation of national guidelines.
The National Health Care Quality Indicators serve several purposes. They are intended to:
- Provide central health authorities with a sound quantitative basis for prioritisation and management.
- Provide owners and managers at all levels of the healthcare services with a basis for using the results for local quality improvement.
- Give patients, users, and relatives the opportunity to make choices based on precise information.
- Contribute to transparency regarding quality and variation in healthcare services.
The National Quality Indicators are generally divided into three main types of quality measures:
- Structure indicators (frameworks and resources, competence, available equipment, registers, etc.)
- Process indicators (activities in the patient pathways, e.g., diagnostics, treatment)
- Outcome indicators (survival, health gain, patient and user satisfaction, etc.)
The National Quality Indicator System in Norway
The National Healthcare Quality Indicator System is intended to help secure the population equal access to high-quality healthcare, and is based on the framework for the OECD's Health Care Quality and Outcomes program (European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies 2021)
The Norwegian Directorate of Health is responsible for developing new indicators, maintaining, and publishing them in accordance with a predefined schedule, depending on the availability of new data. The indicators are usually published three times a year and/or annually. Results are published at a national level, per Regional Health Authority (RHA/RHF), health trust (HT/HF), and hospital/county municipal levels on the Norwegian Directorate of Health website.
The National Quality Indicator System currently comprises approximately 150 indicators, from approximately 20 different data sources. Indicators are developed and produced in cooperation with analysts and experts on national and regional health surveys, central health registries, and medical quality registries. Most indicators focus on processes within the specialist health service. New indicators are under constant development, with a strong current focus on primary healthcare, including municipal healthcare services, mental healthcare services, and services provided by general practitioners.
Interpret with caution
When interpreting the data, it is important to be aware of some thumb rules in statistics:
- Statistics aim to be comparable over time and between regions. However, local contexts will always be factors that can affect comparability. Hospitals may have national roles in the treatment of specific diseases, resulting in larger patient populations and a need for specialized personnel. Municipalities often differ in demographic structures and rural/urban prerequisites.
- A high degree of data quality and coverage is required for registers supplying data to the National Quality Indicator System. However, there might be missing data that affect the interpretation of aggregated data.
- Due to privacy rules in statistical legislation, data can neither identify patients nor health personnel on an individual level. This means that, for small municipalities and hospitals with limited populations, results may not be published.
More information on National Quality Indicators in Norwegian
List of all Healthcare Quality Indicators
The indicators are sorted into four tables according to their related type of care. For each indicator, a short description, a link to the corresponding website, a specification of whether it is a process, structure, or outcome indicator, and the relevant topic/patient group are provided.
Somatic health, specialist care
Topic/Patient group | Name of quality indicator (Norwegian) | Name of the quality indicator | Short description | Link to full description (only available in Norwegian) | Type of indicator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotics | Forbruk av et utvalg bredspektrede antibiotika i norske sykehus | Use of selected broad-spectrum antibiotics in hospitals | Shows the number of defined daily doses (DDD) for five groups of broad-spectrum antibiotics per 100 bed days in hospitals. The results display both the total number of DDDs and the number of DDDs for each of the antibiotic groups. | Process | |
Cancer | 5 års relativ overlevelse etter brystkreft | 5-year relative survival after breast cancer | Shows the observed survival for women with breast cancer divided by the expected survival in the general population with the same age, gender, and residential composition, in the same period. | Outcome | |
Cancer | 5 års relativ overlevelse etter tykktarmskreft | 5-year relative survival after colon cancer | Shows the observed survival for patients with colon cancer divided by the expected survival in the general population with the same age, gender, and residential composition, in the same period. | Outcome | |
Cancer | 5 års relativ overlevelse etter høy-risiko prostatakreft | 5-year relative survival after high-risk prostate cancer | Shows the observed survival for patients with high-risk locally advanced prostate cancer divided by the expected survival in the general population with the same age, gender, and residential composition in the same period. | Outcome | |
Cancer | 5 års relativ overlevelse etter lungekreft | 5-year relative survival after lung cancer | Shows the observed survival for patients with lung cancer divided by the expected survival in the general population with the same age, gender, and residential composition in the same period. | Outcome | |
Cancer | 5 års relativ overlevelse etter eggstokkreft | 5-year relative survival after ovarian cancer | Shows the observed survival for women with cancer in the ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum divided by the expected survival in the general population with the same age, gender, and residential composition in the same period. | Outcome | |
Cancer | 5 års relativ overlevelse etter endetarmskreft | 5-year relative survival after rectal cancer | Shows the observed survival for patients with rectal cancer divided by the expected survival in the general population with the same age, gender, and residential composition in the same period. | Outcome | |
Cancer | Brystbevarende operasjon for kvinner diagnostisert med brystkreft | Breast-concerving surgery for women diagnosed with breast cancer | Shows the percentage of breast cancer patients who received breast conserving surgery among those who met the criteria for this type of surgery. | Brystkreftdiagnsotiserte kvinner som fikk brystbevarende operasjon | Process |
Cancer | Pakkeforløp for 24 organspesifikke kreftformer | Cancer Patient Pathway Programmes (CPP-Ps) for 24 organ-specific cancer types | Shows the percentage of CPP-Ps completed within the maximum recommended time for 24 organ-specific cancer types, regardless of treatment types. The indicator also shows the percentage for three specific treatment types: surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy/radiation therapy. | Process | |
Cancer | Kurativ behandling av lungekreft | Curative treatment for patients diagnosed with lung cancer | Shows the percentage of lung cancer patients who received treatment with the intention of curing the disease. | Process | |
Cancer | Nye kreftpasienter i pakkeforløp for alle 22 kreftformer | New cancer patients included in Cancer Patient Pathway Programmes (CPP-Ps) for 22 cancer types | Shows the percentage of new cancer patients included in a CPP-P (covering 22 organ-specific cancer types). | Pakkeforløp - nye kreftpasienter i pakkeforløp for 22 kreftformer | Process |
Cancer | Pasienter med lavrisiko prostatakreft som får radikal behandling | Patients with low-risk prostate cancer who received radical medical treatment | Shows the percentage of patients with newly diagnosed low-risk prostate cancer who have received radical medical treatment. | Prostatakreft - pasienter med lavrisiko prostatakreft som får radikal behandling | Process |
Cancer | Pasienter med melanom som får diagnosen i tidlig stadium | Patients with melanoma who are diagnosed at an early stage | Shows the percentage of patients with melanoma who were diagnosed at an early stage. | Melanom - pasienter med melanom som får diagnosen i tidlig stadium | Outcome |
Cancer | Gjennomføring av diagnostisk pakkeforløp innen maksimal anbefalt forløpstid | The completion of diagnostic Cancer Patient Pathway Programmes (CPP-Ps) within the maximum recommended time | Shows the percentage of diagnostic CPP-Ps that achieve a clinical decision within the maximum recommended time from the start of the process. | Pakkeforløp - gjennomføring av diagnostisk pakkeforløp innen maksimal anbefalt forløpstid | Process |
Cardiovascular diseases | Vurdering og testing av svelgefunksjon etter hjerneslag. | Assessment and testing of swallowing function after stroke | Shows the percentage of patients treated for stroke who have had their swallowing function assessed/tested prior to hospital discharge. | Hjerneslag - vurdering og testing av svelgefunksjon etter hjerneslag | Process |
Cardiovascular diseases | Kransårerøntgen innen 72 timer ved hjerteinfarkt | Coronary angiography performed within 72 hours for patients with myocardial infarction | Shows the percentage of patients (under the age of 85) with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction on the ECG (NSTEMI) undergoing coronary angiography within 72 hours of hospital admission. | Hjerteinfarkt - kransårerøntgen innen anbefalt tid etter hjerteinfarkt | Process |
Cardiovascular diseases | Legemiddelbehandling i tråd med nasjonale retningslinjer etter operasjon for innsnevring av halspulsåren (carotisstenose) | Medical management according to national guidelines after surgery for carotid stenosis. | Shows the percentage of patients recieving medical management according to current national guidelines after surgery for carotid stenosis. The actual guidelines and the quality indicator refer to antithrombotic and lipid lowering treatment only. | Process | |
Cardiovascular diseases | Legemiddelbehandling i tråd med nasjonale retningslinjer etter operasjon for trange blodårer til beina (åreforkalkning) | Medical management according to national guidelines after surgery for lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). | Shows the percentage of patients recieving medical management according to current national guidelines after surgery for lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). The actual guidelines and the quality indicator refer to antithrombotic and lipid lowering treatment only. | Process | |
Cardiovascular diseases | Legemiddelbehandling i tråd med nasjonale retningslinjer etter operasjon for utposning på hovedpulsåren (aortaaneurisme) | Medical treatment according to national guidelines after surgery for aortic aneurysm. | Shows the percentage of patients recieving medical management according to current national guidelines after surgery for aortic aneurysm. The actual guidelines and the quality indicator refer to antithrombotic and lipid lowering treatment only. | Process | |
Cardiovascular diseases | 30-dagers overlevelse etter sykehusinnleggelse ved hjerteinfarkt | Probability of 30-day survival after hospitalization for myocardial infarction | Shows the probability of 30-day survival after hospitalization for first time myocardial infarction. | Outcome | |
Cardiovascular diseases | Hjerneslag - overlevelse 30 dager etter innleggelse | Probability of 30-day survival after hospitalization for stroke | Shows the probability of 30-day survival after hospitalization for stroke. | Outcome | |
Cardiovascular diseases | Reinnleggelse av eldre pasienter 30 dager etter utskriving fra innleggelse for hjertesvikt | Readmission of elderly patients within 30 days after discharge from hospitalization due to heart failure | Shows the probability of 30-day readmission to hospital for patients aged 67 and older admitted due to heart failure. | Hjertesvikt - reinnleggelse innen 30 dager for eldre pasienter etter sykehusinnleggelse | Outcome |
Cardiovascular diseases | Reinnleggelse av eldre pasienter 30 dager etter utskrivning fra innleggelse for hjerneslag | Readmission of elderly patients within 30 days after discharge from hospitalization due to stroke | Shows the probability of 30-day readmission to hospital for patients aged 67 and older admitted due to stroke. | Hjerneslag - reinnleggelse innen 30 dager for eldre pasienter etter sykehusinnleggelse | Outcome |
Cardiovascular diseases | Gjennomført tverrfaglig funksjonsvurdering innen anbefalt tid | The completion of interdisciplinary functional assessment within the recommended time | Shows the percentage of acute stroke patients recieving a multidisciplinary functional assessment, including a decision on the recommended course of action (with or without rehabilitation), within 7 calendar days of admission to the stroke unit. | Gjennomført tverrfaglig funksjonsvurdering innen anbefalt tid | Process |
Cardiovascular diseases | Andel pasienter med akutt hjerneinfarkt som får intravenøs trombolysebehandling | The percentage of patients with acute ischemic stroke recieving intravenous thrombolytic treatment | Shows the percentage of patients (18 years and older) with acute ischemic stroke who have received treatment with thrombolysis. | Hjerneinfarkt - trombolysebehandling ved blodpropp i hjernen | Process |
Cardiovascular diseases | Trombolysebehandling av hjerneinfarkt innen 40 minutter | Thrombolytic Therapy for ischemic stroke within 40 minutes | Shows the percentage of acute ischemic stroke patients recieving Thrombolytic Therapy within 40 minutes following hospital admission. | Hjerneinfarkt - trombolysebehandling av hjerneinfarkt innen 40 minutter | Outcome |
Cardiovascular diseases | Tid fra symptom til behandling av åreforkalkning i halspulsåren (symptomatisk carotisstenose) | Time from index event to treatment of symptomatic carotid stenosis. | Shows the percentage of patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis operated within 14 days of the index event. | Halspulsåren - tid fra symptom til behandling av åreforkalkning i halspulsåren | Process |
Cardiovascular diseases | Behandlet i slagenhet etter akutt hjerneslag | Treatment of patients with acute stroke in stroke units | Shows the percentage of patients with acute stroke recieving treatment in stroke units. | Process | |
Diabetes | Underekstremitetsamputasjoner blant pasienter med diabetes | Amputations among patients with diabetes | Shows the number of patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes who use blood sugar-lowering medications and have had to amputate a toe, foot, or leg. Presented as the number of amputations per 1,000 patients. | Outcome | |
Diabetes | Blodsukkerregulering ved type 1 diabetes hos voksne | Blood sugar regulation in adults with type 1 diabetes | Shows both the proportion of patients with type 1 diabetes who have an HbA1c below or equal to 53 mmol/mol at their annual check-up and the proportion of patients who have and HbA1c above or equal to 75 mmol/mol. | Diabetes - blodsukkerregulering hos voksne med diabetes type 1 | Outcome |
Diabetes | Barnediabetes: Blodsukkerregulering | Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: blood sugar regulation | Shows the percentage of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes who have achieved the treatment goal for long-term blood sugar (HbA1c < 48 mmol/mol) | Outcome | |
Diabetes | Barnediabetes: Alvorlige akutte komplikasjoner | Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: severe acute complications | Shows the percentage of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes who have experienced severe acute complications due to insulin deficiency or insulin shock. | Outcome | |
Hospital stay (somatic healthcare) | Gjennomsnittlig ventetid fra mottatt henvisning til helsehjelp påbegynnes i somatisk helse | Average waiting time (somatic healthcare) | Shows the average waiting time from when the referral is received by the specialist healthcare services to the start of treatment, in somatic healthcare. | Process | |
Hospital stay (somatic healthcare) | Brudd på vurderingsgarantien for pasienter i somatisk helse | Breach of the assessment (somatic healthcare) | Shows the percentage of referrals that have not been assessed within 10 working days after the hospital received the referral for patients in somatic healthcare. | Process | |
Hospital stay (somatic healthcare) | Korridorpasienter | Corridor patients | Shows the percentage and number of patients placed in hospital corridors, bathrooms, or living rooms (7AM inpatient admissions) | Process | |
Hospital stay (somatic healthcare) | Epikrisetid ved utskriving fra somatisk helsetjeneste | Discharge summary time upon discharge (somatic healthcare) | Shows the percentage of discharge summaries sent within 1 and 7 days after the patient has been discharged from somatic healthcare. | Process | |
Hospital stay (somatic healthcare) | Strykninger av planlagte operasjoner | Elective surgery delays | Shows the percentage of delays relative to the number of elective surgeries. | Process | |
Hospital stay (somatic healthcare) | Fristbrudd for pasienter som står på venteliste i somatisk helse | Exceeded waiting time for patients on waiting lists (somatic healthcare) | Shows the percentage of patients entitled to essential somatic healthcare, who are still on the waiting list after the deadline for starting treatment has passed. | Process | |
Hospital stay (somatic healthcare) | Fristbrudd for pasienter som har påbegynt helsehjelp i somatisk helse | Exceeded waiting time for patients whose treatment have started (somatic healthcare) | Shows the percentage of patients entitled to essential somatic healthcare, who started recieving treatment after the set deadline. | Sykehusopphold - fristbrudd for pasienter som har startet helsehjelp | Process |
Hospital stay (somatic healthcare) | Pasienterfaringer med somatiske sykehus | Inpatient experiences with somatic hospitals | Shows patients’ experiences after their stay in somatic hospitals. The patients are asked a series of questions about different aspects of their hospital stay. | Outcome | |
Infection | Oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter keisersnitt | Follow-up on infection status 30 days after caesarean section (C-section) | Shows the percentage of patients who have been assessed for infection at the surgical site within 30 days following caesarean section. | Infeksjon - oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter keisersnitt | Process |
Infection | Oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter inngrep i tykktarmen (koloninngrep) | Follow-up on infection status 30 days after colon surgery | Shows the percentage of patients who have been assessed for infection at the surgical site within 30 days following colon surgery. | Infeksjon - oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter inngrep i tykktarmen | Process |
Infection | Oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter utført aortakoronar bypass | Follow-up on infection status 30 days after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery | Shows the percentage of patients who have been assessed for infection at the surgical site within 30 days following CABG surgery. | Infeksjon - oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter aortakoronar bypasskirurgi | Process |
Infection | Oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter fjerning av galleblære (kolecystektomi) | Follow-up on infection status 30 days after gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy) | Shows the percentage of patients who have been assessed for infection at the surgical site within 30 days following cholecystectomy. | Infeksjon - oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter fjerning av galleblære (kolecystektomi) | Process |
Infection | Oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter innsetting av hemiprotese (hofte) | Follow-up on infection status 30 days after hip hemiarthroplasty | Shows the percentage of patients who have been assessed for infection at the surgical site within 30 days following hip hemiarthroplasty. | Infeksjon - oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter innsettelse av hemiprotese (hofte) | Process |
Infection | Oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter innsettelse av totalprotese i hofte | Follow-up on infection status 30 days after total hip arthroplasty | Shows the percentage of patients who have been assessed for infection at the surgical site within 30 days following total hip arthroplasty. | Infeksjon - oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter innsetting av totalprotese (hofte) | Process |
Infection | Postoperative infeksjoner etter utført keisersnitt | Postoperative infection after caesarean section (C-section) | Shows the percentage of C-sections for which a postoperative infection is detected at the surgical site within 30 days following caesarean section. | Outcome | |
Infection | Postoperative infeksjoner etter gjennomført aortakoronar bypass kirurgi | Postoperative infection after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery | Shows the percentage of CABG surgeries for which a postoperative infection is detected at the surgical site within 30 days following hemiarthroplasty. | Infeksjon - postoperative infeksjoner etter aortakoronar bypasskirurgi | Outcome |
Infection | Postoperative infeksjoner etter kolecystectomy | Postoperative infection after gallbladder removal (cholecystectomy) | Shows the percentage of cholecystectomies for which a postoperative infection is detected at the surgical site within 30 days following cholecystectomy. | Infeksjon - postoperative infeksjoner etter fjerning av galleblære (kolecystektomi) | Outcome |
Infection | Postoperative infeksjoner etter innsetting av hemiprotese (hofte) | Postoperative infection after hip hemiarthroplasty | Shows the percentage of hip hemiarthroplasties for which a postoperative infection has been detected at the surgical site within 30 days following hemiarthroplasty. | Infeksjon - postoperative infeksjoner etter innsetting av hemiprotese (hofte) | Outcome |
Infection | Postoperative infeksjoner etter innsetting av totalprotese (hofte) | Postoperative infection after total hip arthroplasty | Shows the percentage of total hip arthroplasties for which a postoperative infection is detected at the surgical site within 30 days following total hip arthroplasty. | Infeksjon - oppfølging av infeksjonsstatus 30 dager etter innsetting av totalprotese (hofte) | Outcome |
Infection | Forekomst av helsetjenesteassosierte infeksjoner i sykehus | Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in hospitals | Shows the percentage of HAIs among patients in hospitals at a given point in time, both overall and for the four most common types of infections. | Sykehus - forekomst av helsetjenesteassosierte infeksjoner (HAI) | Outcome |
Multiple sclerosis | Tidlig høyeffektiv behandling ved multippel sklerose | Early high efficacy treatment for multiple sclerosis | Shows the percentage of patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis who have started one of the recommended highly effective disease-modifying therapy as their first treatment after diagnosis. | Outcome | |
Multiple sclerosis | Pasienter med multippel sklerose som starter behandling innen anbefalt tid etter diagnose | Patients with multiple sclerosis who start disease-modifying treatment within the recommended time after diagnosis | Shows the percentage of patients diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis who start disease-modifying treatment within 3 weeks after diagnosis. | Process | |
Pregnancy and childbirth | Keisersnitt | Cesarean section (C-section) | Shows the percentage of births that takes place by cesarean section. | Outcome | |
Pregnancy and childbirth | Fødsler uten større inngrep og komplikasjoner | Deliveries without major birth interventions and complications | Shows the percentage of births without major interventions and complication, among first-time mothers and those who have given birth before. | Outcome | |
Pregnancy and childbirth | Igangsetting av fødsel | Induction of labor | Shows the percentage of births that are induced, among all women giving birth. | Outcome | |
Pregnancy and childbirth | Dødelighet i nyfødtperioden | Neonatal mortality | Shows the number of children who die 0-27 days after birth per 1000 live births, over the last 2-year period. | Outcome | |
Pregnancy and childbirth | Tilstand nyfødte barn | Neonatal status | Shows the percentage of newborns with an Apgar score below 7 after 5 minutes. | Outcome | |
Pregnancy and childbirth | Forekomst av fødselsrifter | Prevalence of perineal tears | Shows the percentage of severe perineal tears (sphincter injuries), among all women giving birth vaginally. | Outcome | |
Pregnancy and childbirth | Dødfødte barn | Stillbirths | Shows the number of stillbirths per 1,000 total births, over the last 2-year period. | Outcome | |
Pregnancy and childbirth | Ristimulering under fødsel | Stimulation of labor contractions during childbirth | Shows the percentage of births where contractions are stimulated with oxytocin, among first-time mothers and those who have given birth before. | Outcome | |
Treatment of disease and survival | Hoftebrudd operert innen henholdsvis 24 timer og 48 timer | Hip fracture surgery initiated within 24 hours and 48 hours | Shows the percentage of patients over 65 years old with hip fractures who have been operated within 24 hours and 48 hours after admission to hospital. | Process | |
Treatment of disease and survival | 30-dagers overlevelse etter sykehusinnleggelse uansett årsak | Probability of 30-day survival after hospital admission due to any cause | Shows the probability of 30-day survival after admission to hospital due to any cause. | Outcome | |
Treatment of disease and survival | 30-dagers overlevelse etter sykehusinnleggelse ved hoftebrudd | Probability of 30-day survival after hospital admission due to hip fracture | Shows the probability of 30-day survival after admission to hospital due to hip fracture. | Outcome | |
Treatment of disease and survival | Reinnleggelser blant eldre 30 dager etter utskrivning | Readmission of elderly patients within 30 days after discharge | Shows the probability of 30-day readmission for patients aged 67 and older who have previously been discharged from hospital. | Outcome | |
Treatment of disease and survival | Reinnleggelse av eldre pasienter 30 dager etter utskrivning fra innleggelse for astma/kols | Readmission of elderly patients within 30 days after hospitalization for asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Shows the probability of 30-day readmission for patients aged 67 and older who have been hospitalized for asthma or COPD. | Outcome | |
Treatment of disease and survival | Reinnleggelse av eldre pasienter 30 dager etter utskriving fra innleggelse for brudd | Readmission of elderly patients within 30 days after hospitalization for fractures | Shows the probability of 30-day readmission for patients aged 67 and older who have been hospitalized for fractures. | Brudd - reinnleggelse innen 30 dager for eldre pasienter etter sykehusinnleggelse | Outcome |
Treatment of disease and survival | Reinnleggelse av eldre pasienter 30 dager etter utskriving fra innleggelse for lungebetennelse | Readmission of elderly patients within 30 days after hospitalization for pneumonia | Shows the probability of 30-day readmission for patients aged 67 and older who have been hospitalized for pneumonia. | Lungebetennelse - reinnleggelse innen 30 dager for eldre pasienter etter sykehusinnleggelse | Outcome |
Treatment of disease and survival | Andel dialysepasienter som får hjemmedialyse | Share of dialysis patients recieving home dialysis | Shows the percentage of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis as a kidney replacement therapy who are treated with home dialysis. | Process |
Mental healthcare services and interdisciplinary specialized substance abuse treatment
Topic/Patient group | Name of quality indicator (Norwegian) | Name of the quality indicator | Short description | Link to full description (only available in Norwegian) | Type of indicator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mental healthcare for adults | Gjennomsnittlig ventetid fra mottatt henvisning til helsehjelp påbegynnes i PHV | Average waiting time (adult mental healthcare) | Shows the average waiting time from when the referral is received by the specialist healthcare services to the start of treatment, in adult mental healthcare. | Process | |
Mental healthcare for adults | Brudd på vurderingsgarantien for pasienter i psykisk helsevern for voksne | Breach of the assessment guarantee (adult mental healthcare) | Shows the percentage of referrals that are not assessed within 10 working days after the hospital has received the referral for patients in mental healthcare for adults. | Process | |
Mental healthcare for adults | Epikrisetid ved utskrivning fra døgnbehandling i psykisk helse voksne | Discharge summary time upon discharge (adult mental healthcare) | Shows the percentage of discharge summaries sent within 1 and 7 days after the patient has been discharged from inpatient treatment in mental healthcare for adults. | Process | |
Mental healthcare for adults | Fristbrudd for pasienter som står på venteliste i PHV | Exceeded waiting time for patients on waiting lists (adult mental healthcare) | Shows the percentage of patients entitled to essential mental healthcare for adults, who are still on the waiting list after the deadline for starting treatment has passed. | Psykisk helse for voksne - fristbrudd for ventende pasienter | Process |
Mental healthcare for adults | Fristbrudd for pasienter som har påbegynt behandling i PHV | Exceeded waiting time for patients whose treatment have started (adult mental healthcare) | Shows the percentage of patients entitled to essential mental healthcare for adults, who have started recieving treatment after the set deadline. | Psykisk helse for voksne - fristbrudd for pasienter som har påbegynt helsehjelp | Process |
Mental healthcare for adults | Pasienterfaringer med døgnopphold innen psykisk helsevern | Inpatient experiences with mental health care services | Shows patients’ experiences with inpatient stays in mental healthcare for adults. | Outcome | |
Mental healthcare for adults | Tvangsinnleggelser i psykisk helsevern for voksne | Involuntary admission in hospitals (adult mental healthcare) | Shows the percentage of admissions to inpatient mental healthcare for adults that are involuntary. | Process | |
Mental healthcare for adults | Forløpstid for evaluering av behandling i poliklinikk, psykisk helsevern voksne (PHV) | Pathway time for evaluation of treatment in outpatient clinic (adult mental healthcare) | Shows the percentage of patients in national patient pathways who have had their first evaluation of treatment completed in an outpatient clinic within the recommended timeframe. | Forløpstid for evaluering av behandling i poliklinikk, psykisk helsevern voksne | Process |
Mental healthcare for adults | Forløpstid for utredning i psykisk helsevern for voksne | Pathway time for medical assessment completion (somatic healthcare) | Shows the percentage of patients in national patient pathways who have had their medical assessment completed within the recommended timeframe. | Process | |
Mental healthcare for adults | Medvirkning i egen behandling i psykisk helsevern for voksne | Patient involvement in treatment plans (adult mental healthcare) | Shows the percentage of patients in national patient pathways who have collaborated with their therapist to develop a treatment plan. | Medvirkning i egen behandling - involvering i behandlingsplan, psykisk helsevern voksne | Process |
Mental healthcare for adults | Tvangsmiddelbruk i psykisk helsevern for voksne | Use of coercive measures (adult mental healthcare) | Shows the percentage of patients over the age of 16 in institutions for adult mental healthcare who have registered coercive measures. | Process | |
Mental healthcare for children and adolescents | Gjennomsnittlig ventetid fra mottatt henvisning til helsehjelp påbegynnes i PHBU | Average waiting time (mental healthcare for children and adolescents) | Shows the average waiting time from when the referral is received by the specialist healthcare services to the start of treatment, in mental healthcare for children and adolescents | Process | |
Mental healthcare for children and adolescents | Barne- og ungdomsgarantien, andel vurdert innen 10 dager | Child and Youth Guarantee, share of patients assessed within 10 days | Shows the percentage of referrals that have been assessed within 10 working days after the hospital has received the referral. | Psykisk helse for barn og unge - henvisning vurdert innen ti dager | Process |
Mental healthcare for children and adolescents | Barne- og ungdomsgarantien, andel startet helsehjelp innen 65 dager | Child and Youth Guarantee, share of patients who started treatment within 65 days | Shows the percentage of children and adolescents entitled to essential mental healthcare who have started treatment within 65 working days. | Psykisk helse for barn og unge - andel pasienter startet helsehjelp innen 65 dager | Process |
Mental healthcare for children and adolescents | Fristbrudd for pasienter som står på venteliste i PHBU | Exceeded waiting time for patients on waiting lists (mental healthcare for children and adolescents) | Shows the percentage of patients entitled to essential mental healthcare for children and adolescents, who are still on the waiting list after the deadline for starting treatment has passed. | Psykisk helse for barn og unge - fristbrudd for ventende pasienter | Process |
Mental healthcare for children and adolescents | Fristbrudd for pasienter som har påbegynt helsehjelp i PHBU | Exceeded waiting time for patients whose treatment have started (mental healthcare for children and adolescents) | Shows the percentage of patients entitled to essential mental healthcare for children and adolescents, who started recieving treatment after the set deadline. | Psykisk helse for barn og unge - fristbrudd for pasienter som har påbegynt helsehjelp | Process |
Mental healthcare for children and adolescents | Forløpstid for evaluering av behandling i poliklinikk, psykisk helsevern barn og unge (PHBU) | Pathway time for evaluation of treatment in outpatient clinic (mental healthcare for children and adolescents) | Shows the percentage of patients in national patient pathways who have had their first evaluation of treatment completed in an outpatient clinic within the recommended timeframe. | Forløpstid for evaluering av behandling i poliklinikk, psykisk helsevern barn og unge (PHBU) | Process |
Mental healthcare for children and adolescents | Forløpstid for utredning i psykisk helsevern barn og unge (PHBU) | Pathway time for medical assessment completion (mental healthcare for children and adolescents) | Shows the percentage of patients in national patient pathways who have had their medical assessment completed within the recommended timeframe. | Forløpstid for utredning i psykisk helsevern barn og unge (PHBU) | Process |
Mental healthcare for children and adolescents | Medvirkning i egen behandling i psykisk helsevern for barn og unge | Patient involvement in treatment plans (mental healthcare for children and adolescents) | Shows the percentage of patients in national patient pathways who have collaborated with their therapist to develop a treatment plan. | Medvirkning i egen behandling – involvering i behandlingsplan | Process |
Substance abuse treatment | Gjennomsnittlig ventetid fra mottatt henvisning til helsehjelp påbegynnes i TSB | Average waiting time (interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse) | Shows the average waiting time from when the referral is received by the specialist healthcare services to the start of treatment, in interdisciplinary specialized substance abuse treatment. | Process | |
Substance abuse treatment | Brudd på vurderingsgarantien for pasienter i tverrfaglig spesialisert rusbehandling | Breach of the assessment guarantee (interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse) | Shows the percentage of referrals that are not assessed within 10 working days after the hospital has received the referral for patients in mental healthcare for adults. | Process | |
Substance abuse treatment | Epikrisetid ved utskrivning fra døgnbehandling i TSB | Discharge summary time upon discharge (interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse) | Shows the percentage of discharge summaries sent within 1 and 7 days after the patient has been discharged from inpatient interdisciplinary specialized treatment for drug addiction. | Process | |
Substance abuse treatment | Fristbrudd for pasienter som står på venteliste i TSB | Exceeded waiting time for patients on waiting lists (interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse) | Shows the percentage of patients entitled to essential interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse, who are still on the waiting list after the deadline for starting treatment has passed. | Process | |
Substance abuse treatment | Fristbrudd for pasienter som har påbegynt helsehjelp i TSB | Exceeded waiting time for patients whose treatment have started (interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse) | Shows the percentage of patients entitled to essential interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse, who started recieving treatment after the set deadline. | Rusbehandling - fristbrudd for pasienter som har påbegynt behandling | Process |
Substance abuse treatment | Forløpstid for evaluering av behandling i poliklinikk, tverrfaglig spesialisert rusbehandling (TSB) | Pathway time for evaluation of treatment in outpatient clinic (interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse) | Shows the percentage of patients in national patient pathways who have had their first evaluation of treatment completed in an outpatient clinic within the recommended timeframe. | Forløpstid for evaluering av behandling i poliklinikk, tverrfaglig spesialisert rusbehandling | Process |
Substance abuse treatment | Forløpstid for utredning i tverrfaglig spesialisert rusbehandling (TSB) | Pathway time for medical assessment completion (interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse) | Shows the percentage of patients in national patient pathways who have had their medical assessment completed within the recommended timeframe. | Forløpstid for utredning i tverrfaglig spesialisert rusbehandling (TSB) | Process |
Substance abuse treatment | Medvirkning i egen behandling i tverrfaglig spesialisert behandling (TSB) | Patient involvement in treatment plans (interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse) | Shows the percentage of patients in national patient pathways who have collaborated with their therapist to develop a treatment plan. | Medvirkning i egen behandling - involvering i behandlingsplan - Helsedirektoratet (enonic.cloud) | Process |
Substance abuse treatment | Rapportering av årsak til avsluttet behandling (TSB) | Reporting of reasons for treatment termination (interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse) | Shows the percentage of completed treatment stays in interdisciplinary specialized treatment for substance abuse with missing reporting on the type of termination. | Rusbehandling - rapportering av årsak til avsluttet behandling - Helsedirektoratet (enonic.cloud) | Outcome |
Municipal health and care services
Topic/Patient group | Name of quality indicator (Norwegian) | Name of the quality indicator | Short description | Link to full description (only available in Norwegian) | Type of indicator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotics | Antibiotikabehandling ved luftveisinfeksjon hos barn mellom 0-9 år | Antibiotic treatment for respiratory infections among children aged 0-9 years. | Shows the consumption of antibiotics for respiratory infections among children aged 0-9 years. | Antibiotikabehandling ved luftveisinfeksjon hos barn mellom 0-9 år | Process |
Antibiotics | Antibiotikabehandling ved luftveisinfeksjon hos befolkning mellom 10-79 år | Antibiotic treatment for respiratory infections among the population aged 10-79 years. | Shows the use of antibiotics for respiratory infections among the population aged 10-79 years. | Antibiotikabehandling ved luftveisinfeksjon hos befolkningen mellom 10-79 år | Process |
Antibiotics | Antibiotikabehandling ved urinveisinfeksjoner hos kvinner mellom 20 og 79 år | Antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections among women aged 20-79 years. | Shows the use of antibiotics for urinary tract infections among women aged 20-79 years. | Antibiotikabehandling ved urinveisinfeksjoner hos kvinner mellom 20-79 år | Process |
Antibiotics | Forekomst av antibiotikabehandling | Occurrence of antibiotic treatment | Shows the number of antibiotic prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants per year. | Process | |
Antibiotics | Antibiotikabruk i sykehjem | Use of antibiotics in nursing homes | Shows the percentage of nursing home residents that were given at least antibiotic at the time of measurement. | Process | |
Dental health | Antall tannpleierårsverk per 10 000 innbyggere | The number of settled dental hygienist man-years per 10 000 inhabitants | Shows the number of settled dental hygienist man-years per 10 000 inhabitants. | Structure | |
Dental health | Antall tannlegespesialistårsverk per 10 000 innbyggere | The number of settled dental specialist man-years per 10 000 inhabitants | Shows the number of agreed full-time equivalents for specialized dentists per 10,000 inhabitants. | Structure | |
Dental health | Tannhelsetilstand og kariesforekomst blant 12-åringer | Dental status and the prevalence of caries among 12-year-olds | Shows the dental status among 12-year-olds examined in the past year. The DMFT* (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) index is used to measure dental health, representing the total number of teeth that either have required treatment, have been lost due to disease, or currently require treatment. | Outcome | |
Dental health | Tannhelsetilstand og kariesforekomst blant 18-åringer | Dental status and the prevalence of caries among 18-year-olds | Shows the dental status among 18-year-olds examined in the past year. The DMFT* (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) index is used to measure dental health, representing the total number of teeth that either have required treatment, have been lost due to disease, or currently require treatment. | Outcome | |
Dental health | Tannhelsetilstand og kariesforekomst blant 5-åringer | Dental status and the prevalence of caries among 5-year-olds | Shows the dental status among 12-year-olds examined in the past year. The DMFT* (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) index is used to measure dental health, representing the total number of teeth that either have required treatment, have been lost due to disease, or currently require treatment. | Outcome | |
Dental health | Antall tannlegeårsverk per 10 000 innbyggere | The number of settled dentist man-years per 10 000 inhabitants | Shows the number of agreed full-time equivalents for dentists per 10,000 inhabitants. | Structure | |
General practitioner service | Forskrivning av vanedannende legemidler til eldre fra allmennlege | Addictive medications prescribed by General Practitioners (GPs) to the elderly | Shows the percentage of the elderly population (≥ 65 years) who have been dispensed a large amount of addictive medications at pharmacies, based on prescriptions from GPs. The indicator also measures the proportion of elderly individuals who have received at least one prescription for addictive medications, and the dispensing of large amounts of medications for four subgroups of addictive medications separately. | Process | |
General practitioner service | Konsultasjoner hos egen fastlege | Consultations with your own regular General Practitioner (GP) | Shows the percentage of consultations with the patient`s regular GP in the past year. It also shows the percentage of consultations with the most frequently used GP within the GP system over the past year and the past two years. | Structure | |
General practitioner service | Innbyggere uten fast lege | Inhabitants without a regular General Practitioner (GP) | Shows the number and percentage of listed patients without a regular GP. | Structure | |
General practitioner service | Forskrivning av legemidler med betydelig antikolinergeffekt til eldre fra allmennlege | Medications with strong anticholinergic effect prescribed by General Practitioners (GPs) to the elderly | Shows the percentage of the elderly population (≥ 65 years) who have been dispensed at least one prescription for medications with strong anticholinergic effects at pharmacies, based on prescriptions from GPs. | Legemidler med betydelig antikolinergeffekt til eldre fra allmennlege | Process |
General practitioner service | Forskrivning av NSAIDs til eldre fra allmennlege | NSAIDs prescribed by General Practitioners (GPs) to the elderly | Shows the percentage of the elderly population (≥65 years) who have been dispensed at least one prescription for NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) at a pharmacy, based on prescriptions from GPs. | Process | |
General practitioner service | Pasienterfaringer med fastlege og fastlegekontor | Patient experiences with regular General Practitioners (GPs) and GP offices | Shows patients’ experiences with their regular GP and GP offices. The results are displayed on a scale from 0-100, where 100 is the best. | Outcome | |
General practitioner service | Fastleger med spesialisering i allmennmedisin | Regular General Practitioners (GPs) with specialization in general medicine | Shows the percentage of regular GPs who have a specialization in general medicine. | Structure | |
General practitioner service | Varighet på kommunenes avtaler med fastleger | The duration of contracts between the municipality and regular General Practitioners (GPs) | Shows the duration (in years) of contracts between regular GPs and municipalities. | Structure | |
General practitioner service | Varighet på fastlege-listeinnbygger-relasjon | The duration of regular General Practitioner (GP)-patient list relationships | Shows the duration (in years) of relationships between regular GPs and their listed patients. | Structure | |
Infection | Forekomst av helsetjenesteassosierte infeksjoner i norske sykehjem | Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in Norwegian nursing homes | Shows the percentage of HAIs among residents in nursing homes at a given point in time, both overall and for the four most common types of infections. | Sykehjem - forekomst av helsetjenesteassosierte infeksjoner (HAI) | Outcome |
Municipal health and care services | Dagaktivitetstilbud hos personer med demens | Day activity services for people with dementia | Shows the percentage of people with dementia living at home with day activity services. | Structure | |
Municipal health and care services | Dagaktivitetstilbud hos personer med utviklingshemming | Day activity services for people with intellectual disabilities | Shows the percentage of persons with intellectual disabilities recieving day activity services. | Structure | |
Municipal health and care services | Oppfølging av ernæring hos hjemmeboende | Follow-up on the risk of undernutrition among home-dwelling individuals | Shows the percentage of recipients of home care services aged 67 years and older who have been assessed for risk of undernutrition in the last 12 months. | Process | |
Municipal health and care services | Oppfølging av ernæring hos beboere på institusjon | Follow-up on the risk of undernutrition among institutional residents | Shows the percentage of residents in long-term care institutions aged 67 and older who have been assessed for the risk of undernutrition in the last 12 months. | Oppfølging av risiko for underernæring hos beboere på institusjon | Process |
Municipal health and care services | Heltidsansatte ved kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenester i institusjon | Full-time employees in municipal and care services in institutions | Shows the percentage of full-time employees in patient and user-focused professions in municipal healthcare services in institutions. The indicator also displays the average and median full-time equivalent percentage. | Heltidsansatte ved kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenester i institusjon | Structure |
Municipal health and care services | Heltidsansatte ved kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenester til hjemmeboende | Full-time employees in municipal health and care services for home-dwelling individuals | Shows the percentage of full-time employees in patient and user-focused professions in municipal healthcare services for home-dwelling individuals. The indicator also displays the average and median full-time equivalent percentage. | Heltidsansatte ved kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenester til hjemmeboende | Structure |
Municipal health and care services | Lokaliseringsteknologi til hjemmeboende personer med demens | Localization technology for home-dwelling individuals with dementia | Shows the percentage of home-dwelling individuals with dementia who have localization technology provided by the municipality. | Process | |
Municipal health and care services | Fagutdanning i de kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenestene | Settled man-years for personell with health and social care education in municipal health and care services | Shows the percentage of settled man-years with health and social care education in the municipal health and care services. | Årsverk med fagutdanning i de kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenestene | Structure |
Municipal health and care services | Legemiddelgjennomgang hos beboere på sykehjem | Medication review in nursing home residents | Shows the percentage of residents on long-term stays in nursing homes aged 67 and older who have had their medications reviewed in the last 12 months. | Sykehjemsbeboere som har fått legemiddelgjennomgang siste 12 måneder | Process |
Municipal health and care services | Kommunale årsverk i psykisk helse- og rusarbeid | Municipal full-time equivalents in mental health and substance abuse services | Shows the number of full-time equivalents in mental health and substance abuse services per 1000 inhabitants. | Structure | |
Municipal health and care services | Beboere på sykehjem vurdert av lege siste 12 måneder | Residents in nursing homes assessed by a doctor in the last 12 months | Shows the percentage of residents on long-term stays in nursing homes who have been assessed or treated by a doctor in the last 12 months. | Process | |
Municipal health and care services | Beboere på sykehjem vurdert av tannhelsepersonell siste 12 måneder | Residents in nursing homes assessed by dental health personnel in the last 12 months | Shows the percentage of residents on long-term stays in nursing homes who have been assessed by dental health personnel in the last 12 months. | Sykehjemsbeboere vurdert av tannhelsepersonell siste 12 måneder | Process |
Municipal health and care services | Enerom med eget bad og WC | Share of user adapted single rooms including bathroom/WC in institutions | Shows the percentage of rooms that are single occupancy with their own bathroom and toilet. The indicator provides an overview of the municipalities` living standards for residents in institutions. | Structure | |
Municipal health and care services | Ventetid på dagaktivitetstilbud | Waiting time for day activity services | Shows the time from the decision to provide a day activity service until the service is received. | Process | |
Municipal health and care services | Ventetid på hjemmetjenester | Waiting time for home care services | Shows the time from the decision to provide a home care service until the service is received. | Process | |
Municipal health and care services | Ventetid på støttekontakt | Waiting time for personal support contact | Shows the time from the decision to provide a personal support contact until the service is received. | Process | |
Municipal health and care services | Legetimer per beboer i sykehjem | Weekly physician hours per resident in nursing homes | Shows the average number of physicians' appointments per week per nursing home resident. | Structure |
Out-of-hospital emergency care
Topic/Patient group | Name of quality indicator (Norwegian) | Name of the quality indicator | Short description | Link to full description (only available in Norwegian) | Type of indicator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emergency medical communication centers | Median tid fra AMK varsles til ambulanse er på hendelsessted (kommune) | Median time interval between the registration of the emergency call at EMCC and the arrival of the ambulance on scene, categorized by urban and rural municipalities | Shows the median response time from when EMCC is alerted to when the ambulance reaches the incident site, distinguishing between urban and rural areas. | AMK - Median tid fra AMK varsles til ambulansebil er på hendelsessted (kommune) | Process |
Emergency medical communication centers | Svartid på medisinsk nødnummer 113 | Response time for the emergency medical helpline 113 | Shows the percentage of calls to the medical emergency number 113 that are answered within 10 seconds. | Process | |
Emergency medical communication centers | Tid fra AMK varsles til ambulanse er på hendelsessted | The time interval between the registration of the emergency call at EMCC and the arrival of the ambulance on scene | Shows the percentage of incidents where an ambulance reaches the scene within 12 minutes in densely populated areas and within 25 minutes in sparsely populated areas. | AMK - Tid fra AMK varsles til ambulansebil er på hendelsessted | Process |
Emergency primary health care services | Tilgang til tolketjeneste på legevakt | Access to interpretation and translation services in emergency primary health care | Shows the percentage of emergency primary health care clinics with access to 24/7 interpretation and translation services in languages other than Norwegian. | Process | |
Emergency primary health care services | Leger som har deltatt i samtrening | Joint training for doctors in emergency primary health care services | Shows the percentage of doctors in emergency primary health care services who has participated in joint emergency medical training with the ambulance service in the past year. | Process | |
Emergency primary health care services | Helsepersonell som har deltatt i samtrening | Joint training for nurses/other health personnel in emergency primary health care services | Shows the percentage of nurses/other personnel (excluding doctors) in emergency primary health care services who has participated in joint emergency medical training with the ambulance service in the past year. | Legevakt - Samtrening sykepleiere/annet helsepersonell i legevakt | Process |
Emergency primary health care services | Svartid legevakt 116 117 | Response time for local emergency medical communication centers (LEMC) 116 117 | Shows the percentage of calls to the medical emergency number 116 117 and the local medical emergency number that are answered by an operator within two minutes of the call being made to the LEMC. | Process | |
Emergency primary health care services | Triagering av oppmøtte pasienter på legevakt | Triage of walk-in patients at the emergency primary health care clinics. | Shows the percentage of emergency primary health care clinics that use a standardized tool for triaging (determining the order of priority) patients arriving at the emergency primary health care clinic. | Process | |
Prehospital emergency care: out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | Hjerte-lunge-redning startet av tilstedeværende | Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (B-CPR) | Shows the percentage of patients with sudden, unexpected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest where bystanders have initiated CPR before the ambulance arrives. | Process | |
Prehospital emergency care: out-of-hospital cardiac arrest | Vellykket gjenopplivning etter hjertestans | Sustained return of Spontaneous Circulation (Sustained ROSC) | Shows the number of patients per 100,000 inhabitants who experienced sudden, unexpected cardiac arrest outside of a hospital, were treated by ambulance, and regained their own heartbeat. | Outcome |
Useful links
- Health Registries at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (fhi.no)
- The Norwegian Healthcare Atlases
The Norwegian Healthcare Atlas compares the population's use of health services using interactive maps, reports, and fact sheets. - Statistics Norway (ssb.no)
- Health Policies and Data from OECD